Association between waist circumference and magnesium and uric acid in indigenous Argentinean children living at high altitude.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Studies in adults show that central obesity increases the likelihood of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between waist circumference (WC) and non-traditional risk factors such as magnesium (Mg), phosphorus, and uric acid in indigenous children living at high altitudes. METHODS: A total of 354 (166 M) indigenous school children, aged 9.6 + 2.3 years, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study in November 2011. Central obesity was defined as WC > 90th percentile according to age and sex. Low Mg and phosphorus levels were defined as serum Mg <1.8 mg/dL and phosphorus <2.4 mg/dL . Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid > 7 mg/dL. RESULTS: The prevalence of central obesity was 6.8% (24/354). None of the children had hyperuricemia or low P levels. HypoMg was identified in 21.7% (57/263). There was a significant association between WC (z-score) and Mg (r-015), uric acid (r0.28), phosphorus (r-0.30), HOMA-IR (r0.49), Triglycerides (r0.24), and HDL-C (r0.24). However, calcium, sodium, and potassium were not significantly associated with WC. As z-WC quartiles increased Mg and phosphorus levels significantly decreased, whereas uric acid levels increased. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that z-WC was associated significantly and directly with uric acid (B0.31), triglycerides (B0.004), and HOMA-IR (B0.35); and inversely with Mg (B-0.83) and phosphorus (B-0.25), adjusted for confounding variables (R2 0.34). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that central obesity was significantly and inversely associated with Mg and phosphorus and directly with uric acid in indigenous school children. Supplementation with Mg and/or phosphorus could prevent future cardiovascular disease. Prospective and randomized studies should be performed to confirm these findings.