Postpartum maternal function and parenting stress: Comparison by feeding methods.

AIM: This cross-sectional and longitudinal study explored primiparous mothers' functioning and parenting stress on the basis of infant-feeding method over the first 6 months postpartum. METHODS: Participants were Japanese primiparae who delivered live singleton infants (N = 1120). Questionnaires, completed at 1, 2, 4, and 6 months postpartum, included demographics, feeding method, frequency of feedings, time required from infant's feeding to falling asleep, mother's sleep time, Postnatal Accumulated Fatigue Scale, and the original Japanese version of Parenting Stress Short-Form Scale. Chi-square tests and Welch F tests for one-way analysis of variance were conducted. RESULTS: Exclusively breastfeeding mothers fed their infants more frequently, but required less time from infant's feeding to falling asleep than either mixed or formula-feeding mothers. Mixed feeding mothers required more time for infant feeding and reported more severe fatigue and greater parenting stress than breastfeeding mothers at 1 and 2 months postpartum. Exclusively formula-feeding mothers required more time to get their infant back to sleep and reported greater parenting stress than the other groups at 6 months postpartum. Nearly 25% of mothers continued breastfeeding exclusively through the first 6 months postpartum. Mothers often changed feeding methods, with many exclusively breastfeeding by 6 months. CONCLUSION: Feeding methods may affect maternal functioning and parenting stress across the postpartum period.