Phenotypic Spectrum of Children with Nephronophthisis and Related Ciliopathies.
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol
; 12(12): 1974-1983, 2017 Dec 07.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-29146700
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Genetic heterogeneity and phenotypic variability are major challenges in familial nephronophthisis and related ciliopathies. To date, mutations in 20 different genes (NPHP1 to -20) have been identified causing either isolated kidney disease or complex multiorgan disorders. In this study, we provide a comprehensive and detailed characterization of 152 children with a special focus on extrarenal organ involvement and the long-term development of ESRD. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We established an online-based registry (www.nephreg.de) to assess the clinical course of patients with nephronophthisis and related ciliopathies on a yearly base. Cross-sectional and longitudinal data were collected. Mean observation time was 7.5±6.1 years.RESULTS:
In total, 51% of the children presented with isolated nephronophthisis, whereas the other 49% exhibited related ciliopathies. Monogenetic defects were identified in 97 of 152 patients, 89 affecting NPHP genes. Eight patients carried mutations in other genes related to cystic kidney diseases. A homozygous NPHP1 deletion was, by far, the most frequent genetic defect (n=60). We observed a high prevalence of extrarenal manifestations (23% [14 of 60] for the NPHP1 group and 66% [61 of 92] for children without NPHP1). A homozygous NPHP1 deletion not only led to juvenile nephronophthisis but also was able to present as a predominantly neurologic phenotype. However, irrespective of the initial clinical presentation, the kidney function of all patients carrying NPHP1 mutations declined rapidly between the ages of 8 and 16 years, with ESRD at a mean age of 11.4±2.4 years. In contrast within the non-NPHP1 group, there was no uniform pattern regarding the development of ESRD comprising patients with early onset and others preserving normal kidney function until adulthood.CONCLUSIONS:
Mutations in NPHP genes cause a wide range of ciliopathies with multiorgan involvement and different clinical outcomes.Key words
Adolescent; Bardet-Biedl syndrome; COACH syndrome; Ciliopathies; Congenital oculomotor apraxia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Genetic Heterogeneity; Homozygote; Joubert-like syndromes; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Mainzer-Saldino syndrome; Mutation; NEPHREG registry; Nephronophthisis (NPH); Nephronophthisis related ciliopathy; Nephronophthisis, familial juvenile; Prevalence; Registries; Senior-Løken syndrome
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Phenotype
/
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
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Kidney Diseases, Cystic
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Ciliopathies
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Kidney Failure, Chronic
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Membrane Proteins
Type of study:
Diagnostic_studies
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Observational_studies
/
Prevalence_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limits:
Adolescent
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Adult
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Child
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Female
/
Humans
/
Male
Language:
En
Journal:
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol
Journal subject:
NEFROLOGIA
Year:
2017
Document type:
Article