Pathogens and autoimmune hepatitis.
Clin Exp Immunol
; 195(1): 35-51, 2019 01.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-30113082
ABSTRACT
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a severe form of hepatitis resulting in the autoimmune-mediated destruction of the liver parenchyma. Whereas many of the immunopathogenic events have been elucidated and some of the drivers of the disease have been identified, little is known about the aetiology of the disease. There are certain risk factors, such as particular human leucocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes, that enhance the susceptibility for AIH or influence the severity of the disease. However, as for many other autoimmune diseases, the mere presence of such risk factors does not warrant the occurrence of the disease. Not all individuals carrying risk factors develop AIH, and not all patients with AIH are carriers of high-risk alleles. Thus, additional environmental factors need to be considered as triggers for AIH. Environmental factors include diet, sunlight exposure, stress, medication and hygiene, as well as pathogen infections and vaccinations. This review discusses if pathogens should be considered as triggers for the initiation and/or propagation of AIH.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Virus Diseases
/
Hepatitis, Autoimmune
/
HLA Antigens
Type of study:
Etiology_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limits:
Animals
/
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
Clin Exp Immunol
Year:
2019
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Alemania
Publication country:
ENGLAND
/
ESCOCIA
/
GB
/
GREAT BRITAIN
/
INGLATERRA
/
REINO UNIDO
/
SCOTLAND
/
UK
/
UNITED KINGDOM