Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Tolerability of Chiglitazar, A Novel Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) Pan-Agonist, in Healthy Chinese Volunteers: A Phase I Study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chiglitazar is a novel configuration-restricted non-thiazolidinedione peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pan-agonist currently in the Phase III clinical development stage for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The objective of this Phase I study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of single and multiple doses of chiglitazar tablets taken orally and the effect of food on its pharmacokinetics in healthy Chinese subjects. METHODS: A single-centre, open-label, randomised, two-stage Phase I study was carried out. In the first-stage study, we evaluated a single dose of 8, 16, or 32 mg, and multiple doses of 16 mg, taken once daily for 9 days. The effect of food consumption was also studied in this stage. In the second-stage study, a greater range of single doses (24, 48 or 72 mg) were further evaluated. Pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability profiles were assessed at each study stage. RESULTS: After a single oral dose of chiglitazar, at doses ranging from 8 to 72 mg, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) were proportionally increased (165-1599 ng/mL for the mean Cmax and 1356-12,584 ng·h/mL for the mean AUC0-t), with low inter-subject variability. There were no significant changes in the mean terminal phase half-life (t1/2), which ranged from 9.0 to 11.9 h, and the clearance and volume of distribution were similar for all evaluated doses. The results from the examination of multiple dose of 16 mg once daily for nine consecutive days showed that a steady-state condition was achieved by Day 6. There was no apparent accumulation of chiglitazar observed at Day 9, as compared with the first administration. While food increased the AUC0-t of chiglitazar by about 13%, there were no effects on other parameters, including Cmax, Tmax and t1/2. There were no serious or severe adverse events observed in the single- or multiple-dose studies. CONCLUSIONS: Chiglitazar tablets showed a good dose-dependent linear pharmacokinetic profile in the dose range of 8-72 mg. There was no accumulation after multiple daily administration of chiglitazar at a dose of 16 mg.  High-fat/calorie food increased the absorption of the drug, but there were no significant changes in exposure and other pharmacokinetic parameters. Chiglitazar was safe and well tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects at the dose levels and administration regimens evaluated.