Deepwater ocean outfalls: A sustainable solution for sewage discharge for mega-coastal cities (Sydney, Australia): Influences on beach water quality.
Mar Pollut Bull
; 1452019 Aug.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-31147084
ABSTRACT
Shoreline discharge representing approximately 80% of sewage generated by Sydney (Australia) was replaced with three deepwater ocean outfalls between 1990 and 1991. Beachwatch bacterial monitoring data collected between 1989 and 2016 were analysed to assess the impact of commissioning on bathing water quality along 32â¯km of coastline. Bacterial contamination was reduced by 26-99% during the first 32â¯months post-commissioning and in the longer post-commissioning period, 1993 to 2016, bathing water quality improved for 31 beaches. Relatively stable bathing water quality was observed for five other beaches after the 2001 upgrade of another shoreline wastewater treatment plant. Bacterial contamination of bathing water in this 24-year post-commissioning period was most influenced by rainfall in the 24-h to 9â¯am on the day of sampling. Bacterial contamination from surfacing shore-blown wastewater plumes was not evident, whereas stormwater-delivered bacterial contamination was apparent and varied between beaches.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Seawater
/
Sewage
Country/Region as subject:
Oceania
Language:
En
Journal:
Mar Pollut Bull
Year:
2019
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Australia