Exosomes in Angiogenesis and Anti-angiogenic Therapy in Cancers.
Int J Mol Sci
; 21(16)2020 Aug 14.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-32823989
ABSTRACT
Angiogenesis is the process through which new blood vessels are formed from pre-existing ones. Exosomes are involved in angiogenesis in cancer progression by transporting numerous pro-angiogenic biomolecules like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and microRNAs. Exosomes promote angiogenesis by suppressing expression of factor-inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Uptake of tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) by normal endothelial cells activates angiogenic signaling pathways in endothelial cells and stimulates new vessel formation. TEX-driven cross-talk of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with immune cells blocks their anti-tumor activity. Effective inhibition of tumor angiogenesis may arrest tumor progression. Bevacizumab, a VEGF-specific antibody, was the first antiangiogenic agent to enter the clinic. The most important clinical problem associated with cancer therapy using VEGF- or VEFGR-targeting agents is drug resistance. Combined strategies based on angiogenesis inhibitors and immunotherapy effectively enhances therapies in various cancers, but effective treatment requires further research.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Angiogenesis Inhibitors
/
Exosomes
/
Neoplasms
/
Neovascularization, Pathologic
Type of study:
Clinical_trials
Limits:
Animals
/
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
Int J Mol Sci
Year:
2020
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Polonia