2,5-Disubstituted furan derivatives containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety as potent α-glucosidase and E. coli ß-glucuronidase inhibitors.

ABSTRACT

In this paper, the 2,5-disubstituted furan derivatives containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole were synthesized and screened for their inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and ß-glucuronidases to obtain potent α-glucosidase inhibitor 9 (IC50 = 0.186 µM) and E. coli ß-glucuronidase inhibitor 26 (IC50 = 0.082 µM), respectively. The mechanisms of the compounds were studied. The kinetic study revealed that compound 9 is a competitive inhibitor against α-glucosidase (Ki = 0.05 ± 0.003 µM) and molecular docking simulation showed several key interactions between 9 and the target including hydrogen bond and p-π stacking interaction. Derivative 26 (Ki = 0.06 ± 0.005 µM) displayed uncompetitive inhibition behavior against EcGUS. Furthermore, the result of docking revealed the furan ring of 26 may be a key moiety in obstructing the active domain of EcGUS. In addition, compound 15 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against these two enzymes, with potential therapeutic effects against diabetes and against CPT-11-induced diarrhea. At the same time, their low toxicity against normal liver tissue LO2 cells lays the foundation for in vivo studies and the development of bifunctional drug.