Restoring Perivascular Adipose Tissue Function in Obesity Using Exercise.
Cardiovasc Drugs Ther
; 35(6): 1291-1304, 2021 12.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33687595
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE:
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) exerts an anti-contractile effect which is vital in regulating vascular tone. This effect is mediated via sympathetic nervous stimulation of PVAT by a mechanism which involves noradrenaline uptake through organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) and ß3-adrenoceptor-mediated adiponectin release. In obesity, autonomic dysfunction occurs, which may result in a loss of PVAT function and subsequent vascular disease. Accordingly, we have investigated abnormalities in obese PVAT, and the potential for exercise in restoring function.METHODS:
Vascular contractility to electrical field stimulation (EFS) was assessed ex vivo in the presence of pharmacological tools in ±PVAT vessels from obese and exercised obese mice. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect changes in expression of ß3-adrenoceptors, OCT3 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in PVAT.RESULTS:
High fat feeding induced hypertension, hyperglycaemia, and hyperinsulinaemia, which was reversed using exercise, independent of weight loss. Obesity induced a loss of the PVAT anti-contractile effect, which could not be restored via ß3-adrenoceptor activation. Moreover, adiponectin no longer exerts vasodilation. Additionally, exercise reversed PVAT dysfunction in obesity by reducing inflammation of PVAT and increasing ß3-adrenoceptor and OCT3 expression, which were downregulated in obesity. Furthermore, the vasodilator effects of adiponectin were restored.CONCLUSION:
Loss of neutrally mediated PVAT anti-contractile function in obesity will contribute to the development of hypertension and type II diabetes. Exercise training will restore function and treat the vascular complications of obesity.Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Physical Conditioning, Animal
/
Adipose Tissue
/
Muscle Contraction
/
Muscle, Smooth, Vascular
/
Obesity
Type of study:
Prognostic_studies
Limits:
Animals
Language:
En
Journal:
Cardiovasc Drugs Ther
Journal subject:
ANGIOLOGIA
/
CARDIOLOGIA
/
TERAPIA POR MEDICAMENTOS
Year:
2021
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Reino Unido