The toxicity of SiO2 NPs on cell proliferation and cellular uptake of human lung fibroblastic cell line during the variation of calcination temperature and its modeling by artificial neural network.

Less attention had been paid to cell toxicity of the various synthesis methods of nanoparticles, this study investigated the effect of the calcination temperature(CT) on the crystallization of SiO2 nanoparticles(NPs), cell proliferation(CP), and cellular uptake(CU) in MRC-5. In this study, parameters were adjusted as CT(70-1000 °C), calcination time(2, 12, and 24 h), and catalyst feed rate(0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mL.min1). CP was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) test after a 24-h exposure. The CU was achieved using ICP-MS. Results were analyzed using MATLAB2018. Results revealed that the size of synthesized particles was lower than 50 nm and, the XRD peak varied from 21 to 30° during the increase in CT. FTIR spectra confirmed the existence of Si-O and Si-Cl bonds. The maximum level of crystallization was at 1000 °C. CP decreased with the rise in the concentration of NPs(p < 0.05), as well as an increase in feed rate. A positive relationship between increased crystallization and decreased CP(R = 0.78) was seen, while such a trend was not observed in calcination time. The suggested structure in this study was 4:10:1 with Rall = 0.97, Rtest = 0.97, RMSE = 0.25, and MSE = 0.003. Furthermore, the CU rate increased with the rise in CT and calcination time. The maximum and minimum CU levels were related to NPs calcinated in 1000 °C-24 h and 350 °C-2 h, respectively. As a consequence, the most toxicity of SiO2 NPs was related to the crystalline NP. Therefore, the increase in CT and the calcination time were significant factors affecting on crystallization of SiO2 NPs, CP of lung cell, as well as CU of SiO2. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-021-00663-4.