Ryanodine receptors mediate high intracellular Ca2+ and some myocyte damage following eccentric contractions in rat fast-twitch skeletal muscle.

Eccentric contractions (ECC) facilitate cytosolic calcium ion (Ca2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space. Ca2+ is a vital signaling messenger that regulates multiple cellular processes via its spatial and temporal concentration ([Ca2+]i) dynamics. We hypothesized that 1) a specific pattern of spatial/temporal intramyocyte Ca2+ dynamics portends muscle damage following ECC and 2) these dynamics would be regulated by the ryanodine receptor (RyR). [Ca2+]i in the tibialis anterior muscles of anesthetized adult Wistar rats was measured by ratiometric (i.e., ratio, R, 340/380 nm excitation) in vivo bioimaging with Fura-2 pre-ECC and at 5 and 24 h post-ECC (5 × 40 contractions). Separate groups of rats received RyR inhibitor dantrolene (DAN; 10 mg/kg ip) immediately post-ECC (+DAN). Muscle damage was evaluated by histological analysis on hematoxylin-eosin stained muscle sections. Compared with control (CONT, no ECC), [Ca2+]i distribution was heterogeneous with increased percent total area of high [Ca2+]i sites (operationally defined as R ≥ 1.39, i.e., ≥1 SD of mean control) 5 h post-ECC (CONT, 14.0 ± 8.0; ECC5h: 52.0 ± 7.4%, P < 0.01). DAN substantially reduced the high [Ca2+]i area 5 h post-ECC (ECC5h + DAN: 6.4 ± 3.1%, P < 0.01) and myocyte damage (ECC24h, 63.2 ± 1.0%; ECC24h + DAN: 29.1 ± 2.2%, P < 0.01). Temporal and spatially amplified [Ca2+]i fluctuations occurred regardless of DAN (ECC vs. ECC + DAN, P > 0.05). These results suggest that the RyR-mediated local high [Ca2+]i itself is related to the magnitude of muscle damage, whereas the [Ca2+]i fluctuation is an RyR-independent phenomenon.