Sexual dimorphism in cardiac remodeling: the molecular mechanisms ruled by sex hormones in the heart.
J Mol Med (Berl)
; 100(2): 245-267, 2022 02.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-34811581
ABSTRACT
Heart failure (HF) is growing in prevalence, due to an increase in aging and comorbidities. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is more common in men, whereas heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has a higher prevalence in women. However, the reasons for these epidemiological trends are not clear yet. Since HFpEF affects mostly postmenopausal women, sex hormones should play a pivotal role in HFpEF development. Furthermore, for HFpEF, contrary to HFrEF, effective therapeutic approaches are missing. Interestingly, studies evidenced that some therapies can have better results in women than in HFpEF men, emphasizing the necessity of understanding these observations at a molecular level. Thus, herein, we review the molecular mechanisms of estrogen and androgen actions in the heart in physiological conditions and explain how its dysregulation can lead to disease development. This clarification is essential in the road for an effective personalized management of HF, particularly HFpEF, towards the development of sex-specific therapeutic approaches.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Gonadal Steroid Hormones
/
Sex Characteristics
/
Ventricular Remodeling
/
Heart Failure
/
Myocardium
Type of study:
Risk_factors_studies
Limits:
Animals
/
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
J Mol Med (Berl)
Journal subject:
BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR
/
GENETICA MEDICA
Year:
2022
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Portugal