Rapid Cytokine Release Assays for Analysis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Specific T Cells in Whole Blood.
J Infect Dis
; 226(2): 208-216, 2022 08 24.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35022764
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Waning of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) complicates the diagnosis of past infection. The durability of T-cell memory against SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear, and most current T-cell protocols are unsuited for large-scale automation.METHODS:
Whole-blood samples from 31 patients with verified past coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 46 controls, of whom 40 received COVID-19 vaccine, were stimulated with peptides spanning the nucleocapsid (NC) or spike 1 (S1) regions of SARS-CoV-2 and analyzed for interferon γ in supernatant plasma. Diagnostic accuracy of these assays was evaluated against serum anti-NC and anti-receptor-binding domain S1-IgG.RESULTS:
Induction of interferon γ in whole blood by NC or S1 peptides diagnosed past COVID-19 with high accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.93 and 0.95, respectively). In accordance with previous studies, NC-IgG levels rapidly waned with only 5 of 17 patients (29%) remaining seropositive >180 days after infection. By contrast, NC peptide-induced T-cell memory responses remained in 13 of 17 study participants (76%) >180 days after infection (Pâ =â .01 for comparison with NC-IgG; McNemar test). After 2 vaccine doses, all 18 donors exhibited S1-specific T-cell memory.CONCLUSIONS:
Cytokine release assays for the monitoring of T-cell memory in whole blood may be useful for evaluating complications following unverified past COVID-19 and for long-term assessment of vaccine-induced T-cell immunity. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION EudraCT 2021-000349-42.Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
SARS-CoV-2
/
COVID-19
Type of study:
Guideline
Limits:
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
J Infect Dis
Year:
2022
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Suecia