Performance Optimization of a Developed Near-Infrared Spectrometer Using Calibration Transfer with a Variety of Transfer Samples for Geographical Origin Identification of Coffee Beans.

ABSTRACT

This research aimed to improve the classification performance of a developed near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer when applied to the geographical origin identification of coffee bean samples. The modification was based on the utilization of a collection of spectral databases from several different agricultural samples, including corn, red beans, mung beans, black beans, soybeans, green and roasted coffee, adzuki beans, and paddy and white rice. These databases were established using a reference NIR instrument and the piecewise direct standardization (PDS) calibration transfer method. To evaluate the suitability of the transfer samples, the Davies-Bouldin index (DBI) was calculated. The outcomes that resulted in low DBI values were likely to produce better classification rates. The classification of coffee origins was based on the use of a supervised self-organizing map (SSOM). Without the spectral modification, SSOM classification using the developed NIR instrument resulted in predictive ability (% PA), model stability (% MS), and correctly classified instances (% CC) values of 61%, 58%, and 64%, respectively. After the transformation process was completed with the corn, red bean, mung bean, white rice, and green coffee NIR spectral data, the predictive performance of the SSOM models was found to have improved (67-79% CC). The best classification performance was observed with the use of corn, producing improved % PA, % MS, and % CC values at 71%, 67%, and 79%, respectively.