Prenatal Opioid Exposure and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes.
J Neurosurg Anesthesiol
; 35(1): 142-146, 2023 Jan 01.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-36745179
ABSTRACT
The opioid epidemic in the United States has resulted in a significant increase in opioid use disorder among pregnant women and a concomitant increase in the incidence of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. The long-term consequences of prenatal opioid exposure on neurodevelopmental outcomes are not fully understood. Animal studies indicate increased neuronal apoptosis and decreased neuronal proliferation and myelination with opioid exposure in-utero. Meta-analyses of human studies suggest decreased cognition and psychomotor performance in infancy and deficits in cognition and language in preschool. However, current studies have primarily focused on heroin or methadone exposure and have been limited by small sample size, inadequate comparison groups, and the inability to account for additional risk factors and exposures such as polysubstance abuse, poor prenatal care, neonatal withdrawal and treatment with opioids, and unsupportive home environment. Future studies should aim to better understand the potential impact of these confounding factors on the neurodevelopmental trajectory of exposed infants. This review discusses the up-to-date literature, current gaps in knowledge, and considerations for future studies in the arena of prenatal opioid exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
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Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
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Opioid-Related Disorders
Type of study:
Risk_factors_studies
Limits:
Child, preschool
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Female
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Humans
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Infant
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Newborn
/
Pregnancy
Language:
En
Journal:
J Neurosurg Anesthesiol
Journal subject:
ANESTESIOLOGIA
/
NEUROCIRURGIA
Year:
2023
Document type:
Article