Molecular features driving cellular complexity of human brain evolution.
Nature
; 620(7972): 145-153, 2023 Aug.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-37468639
ABSTRACT
Human-specific genomic changes contribute to the unique functionalities of the human brain1-5. The cellular heterogeneity of the human brain6,7 and the complex regulation of gene expression highlight the need to characterize human-specific molecular features at cellular resolution. Here we analysed single-nucleus RNA-sequencing and single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing datasets for human, chimpanzee and rhesus macaque brain tissue from posterior cingulate cortex. We show a human-specific increase of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and a decrease of mature oligodendrocytes across cortical tissues. Human-specific regulatory changes were accelerated in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, and we highlight key biological pathways that may be associated with the proportional changes. We also identify human-specific regulatory changes in neuronal subtypes, which reveal human-specific upregulation of FOXP2 in only two of the neuronal subtypes. We additionally identify hundreds of new human accelerated genomic regions associated with human-specific chromatin accessibility changes. Our data also reveal that FOSJUN and FOX motifs are enriched in the human-specifically accessible chromatin regions of excitatory neuronal subtypes. Together, our results reveal several new mechanisms underlying the evolutionary innovation of human brain at cell-type resolution.
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Evolution, Molecular
/
Gyrus Cinguli
Limits:
Animals
/
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
Nature
Year:
2023
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Estados Unidos