Fluctuation theorems and thermodynamic inequalities for nonequilibrium processes stopped at stochastic times.
Phys Rev E
; 108(5): L052104, 2023 Nov.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38115516
ABSTRACT
We investigate the thermodynamics of general nonequilibrium processes stopped at stochastic times. We propose a systematic strategy for constructing fluctuation-theorem-like martingales for each thermodynamic functional, yielding a family of stopping-time fluctuation theorems. We derive second-law-like thermodynamic inequalities for the mean thermodynamic functional at stochastic stopping times, the bounds of which are even stronger than the thermodynamic inequalities resulting from the traditional fluctuation theorems when the stopping time is reduced to a deterministic one. Numerical verification is carried out for three well-known thermodynamic functionals, namely, entropy production, free energy dissipation, and dissipative work. These universal equalities and inequalities are valid for arbitrary stopping strategies, and thus provide a comprehensive framework with insights into the fundamental principles governing nonequilibrium systems.
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Language:
En
Journal:
Phys Rev E
Year:
2023
Document type:
Article