Higher-order evidence.
Eur J Epidemiol
; 39(1): 1-11, 2024 Jan.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38195955
ABSTRACT
Higher-order evidence is evidence about evidence. Epidemiologic examples of higher-order evidence include the settings where the study data constitute first-order evidence and estimates of misclassification comprise the second-order evidence (e.g., sensitivity, specificity) of a binary exposure or outcome collected in the main study. While sampling variability in higher-order evidence is typically acknowledged, higher-order evidence is often assumed to be free of measurement error (e.g., gold standard measures). Here we provide two examples, each with multiple scenarios where second-order evidence is imperfectly measured, and this measurement error can either amplify or attenuate standard corrections to first-order evidence. We propose a way to account for such imperfections that requires third-order evidence. Further illustrations and exploration of how higher-order evidence impacts results of epidemiologic studies is warranted.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Bias
Type of study:
Diagnostic_studies
Limits:
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
Eur J Epidemiol
Journal subject:
EPIDEMIOLOGIA
Year:
2024
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Estados Unidos
Country of publication:
Países Bajos