Seronegative HIV-1 infection in a Japanese man presenting with Pneumocystis pneumonia: Analysis of long-term antibody response and literature review.
J Infect Chemother
; 30(9): 917-921, 2024 Sep.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38331251
ABSTRACT
Seronegative human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, where an HIV-specific antibody response is lacking even in chronic or late-stage HIV infections, is extremely rare. Here, we report the case of a 50-year-old Japanese man presenting with Pneumocystis pneumonia who did not produce antibodies against HIV-1 until the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Fourth-generation antigen-antibody testing temporarily reverted from weakly positive to negative soon after initiating ART, likely due to a reduction in viral load (assessed by p24 antigen levels). His HIV-1 antibody titers remained low or indeterminate even after four years of ART. A literature review suggested that the absence of HIV-1-specific antibody production may be associated with unimpeded HIV replication and rapid CD4+ T cell decline. Seronegative HIV infection can lead to deferred diagnosis and treatment, thereby increasing the risk of transmitting the virus to others or developing opportunistic illnesses. It is important to combine multiple tests for diagnosis, depending on the medical condition. Further studies are required to investigate the host factors involved in the production of HIV-1-specific antibodies.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis
/
HIV Infections
/
HIV-1
Limits:
Humans
/
Male
/
Middle aged
Language:
En
Journal:
J Infect Chemother
Journal subject:
MICROBIOLOGIA
/
TERAPIA POR MEDICAMENTOS
Year:
2024
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Japón