Rapid protection against viral infections by chemokine-accelerated post-exposure vaccination.
Front Immunol
; 15: 1338499, 2024.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38348028
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Prophylactic vaccines generate strong and durable immunity to avoid future infections, whereas post-exposure vaccinations are intended to establish rapid protection against already ongoing infections. Antiviral cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTL) are activated by dendritic cells (DCs), which themselves must be activated by adjuvants to express costimulatory molecules and so-called signal 0-chemokines that attract naive CTL to the DCs.Hypothesis:
Here we asked whether a vaccination protocol that combines two adjuvants, a toll-like receptor ligand (TLR) and a natural killer T cell activator, to induce two signal 0 chemokines, synergistically accelerates CTL activation.Methods:
We used a well-characterized vaccination model based on the model antigen ovalbumin, the TLR9 ligand CpG and the NKT cell ligand α-galactosylceramide to induce signal 0-chemokines. Exploiting this vaccination model, we studied detailed T cell kinetics and T cell profiling in different in vivo mouse models of viral infection.Results:
We found that CTL induced by both adjuvants obtained a head-start that allowed them to functionally differentiate further and generate higher numbers of protective CTL 1-2 days earlier. Such signal 0-optimized post-exposure vaccination hastened clearance of experimental adenovirus and cytomegalovirus infections.Conclusion:
Our findings show that signal 0 chemokine-inducing adjuvant combinations gain time in the race against rapidly replicating microbes, which may be especially useful in post-exposure vaccination settings during viral epi/pandemics.Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Virus Diseases
/
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
Type of study:
Prognostic_studies
Limits:
Animals
Language:
En
Journal:
Front Immunol
/
Front. immunol
/
Frontiers in immunology
Year:
2024
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Alemania
Country of publication:
Suiza