[Effects and mechanisms of negative air ions on blood pressure, oxidative stress and inflammation levels in SHR rats].

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of negative air ions(NAIs) on blood pressure, oxidative stress, and inflammatory status in spontaneous hypertension rats(SHR). METHODS: A total of 60 SHR(half male and half female) were randomly divided into one-month and three-month groups, 30 rats per groups, based on the duration of the intervention. Each group was further randomized into three groups based on the daily intervention time SHR control group, 2 h NAIs-SHR group, and 6 h NAIs-SHR group, 10 rats per groups. In addition, 20 Wistar Kyoto(WKY)(half male and half female), were randomized into one-month WKY group and three-month WKY group, 10 rats per groups, based on the intervention time. The 2 h NAIs-SHR group and 6 h NAIs-SHR group were exposed to an environment with NAIs concentrations of 4.5×10~4-5×10~4 cm~3 per day for 2 h and 6 h. The WKY group and SHR group were exposed to normal air on a daily basis. Blood pressure of rats in each group was measured every three days, while weight was measured once a week. After sacrificing the rats in the first month and the third month of rearing, wet weight of the organs was weighed. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect 8-hydroxylated deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-8(IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), nitric oxide(NO) and endothelin-1(ET-1) levels. Reactive oxygen species(ROS) detection kit was used to detect ROS level. Malondialdehyde(MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione(GSH) and glutathione disulfide(GSSG) were measured by colorimetric analysis. HE staining was conducted to observe the histopathological morphological changes of the thoracic aorta in each group, and Western blot was conducted to detect the thoracic aortap38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases(ERK), c-Jun n-terminal kinase(JNK), c-fos proteins, c-jun proteins and their phosphorylated proteins level. RESULTS: The weight of WKY male mice in the same week age group was higher than that of SHR control group, and there was no significant difference in the weight between the other groups. The coefficient of heart in SHR control group(4.66±0.48) was higher than that in WKY group(3.73±0.15)(P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in the coefficients of brain, kidney, liver and spleen among the groups. Blood pressure in WKY group at the same age was lower than that in SHR group, and blood pressure in SHR control group at 2-5 and 8-11 weeks was higher than that in 2 h NAIs-SHR and 6 h NAIs-SHR groups(P<0.05). HE staining showed that the internal, middle and external membranes of thoracic aorta in 2 h NAIs-SHR group and 6 h NAIs-SHR group were improved to varying degrees compared with those in SHR control group, including disordered internal membrane structure, thickened middle membrane and broken external membrane. In terms of oxidative stress levels, compared with the SHR control group, the ROS(0.66%±0.17%, 0.49%±0.32%) and 8-OHdG((48.29±8.00) ng/mL, (33.13±14.67)ng/mL) levels were lower in the 6 h NAIs-SHR group(P<0.05), while the GSH/GSSG ratio was higher in the one-month 6 h NAIs-SHR group(10.08±4.93). Compared with the 2 h NAIs-SHR group, the ROS level(0.99%±0.19%) was lower in the 6 h NAIs-SHR group(P<0.05). In terms of inflammatory factor levels, compared with the SHR control group, the IL-8 levels((160.44±56.54) ng/L, (145.77±38.39) ng/L) were lower in the 6 h NAIs-SHR group(P<0.05), while the ET-1 level((249.55±16.98) ng/L) was higher in the one-month WKY group. There was no significant difference in NO levels among the groups. The relative expression of p-p38 protein in the thoracic aorta of rats in the one-month SHR control group was lower than that in the WKY group(P<0.05). The relative expression of p-p38 and p-c-fos proteins in the thoracic aorta of rats at three-months was higher in the SHR control group than in the 2 h NAIs-SHR and 6 h NAIs-SHR groups(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The intervention of NAIs at a concentration of 4.5×10~4-5×10~4/cm~3 may regulate the partial oxidation and inflammatory state of SHR rats through the ROS/MAPK/AP1 signaling pathway, thereby reducing their blood pressure level.