Cadmium Exposure was Associated with Sex-Specific Thyroid Dysfunction: Consistent Evidence from Two Independent Cross-Sectional Studies Based on Urinary and Blood Cadmium Measurements.
Biol Trace Elem Res
; 2024 Apr 17.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38630343
ABSTRACT
Population-based studies on the association between cadmium (Cd) exposure and thyroid function are limited and have shown conflicting results. Two independent cross-sectional studies using different Cd biomarkers were carried out in six rural areas with different soil Cd levels in China. Thyroid dysfunction was defined based on levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4). Multivariable linear regression, multiple logistic regression, and restrictive cubic splines models were used to estimate the association between Cd and thyroid dysfunction. For both of the two independent studies, higher Cd levels were observed to be associated with lower TSH levels and higher risk of thyroid dysfunction. The negative relationship between urinary Cd and TSH was found in both total participants (ß = - 0.072, p = 0.008) and males (ß = - 0.119, p = 0.020) but not in females; however, the negative relationship between blood Cd and TSH was only found in females (ß = - 0.104, p = 0.024). Higher urinary Cd was associated with higher risk of thyroid dysfunction (OR = 1.77, p = 0.031), while higher blood Cd was associated with higher risk of thyroid dysfunction (OR = 1.95, p = 0.011). Results from the two independent cross-sectional studies consistently suggested that higher Cd levels were associated with sex-specific thyroid dysfunction.
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Language:
En
Journal:
Biol Trace Elem Res
/
Biol. trace elem. res
/
Biological trace element research
Year:
2024
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
China
Country of publication:
Estados Unidos