Gut Inflammation Markers, Diet, and Risk of Islet Autoimmunity in Finnish Children - A Nested Case-Control Study.
J Nutr
; 154(7): 2244-2254, 2024 Jul.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38795745
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Gut dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability have been reported to precede type 1 diabetes-related autoimmunity. The role of gut inflammation in autoimmunity is not understood.OBJECTIVES:
This study aimed to assess whether gut inflammation markers are associated with risk of islet autoimmunity and whether diet is associated with gut inflammation markers.METHODS:
A nested case-control sample of 75 case children with islet autoimmunity and 88 control children was acquired from the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention cohort. Diet was assessed with 3-d food records, and calprotectin and human ß-defensin-2 (HBD-2) were analyzed from stool samples at 6 and 12 mo of age. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used in a matched case-control setting to assess risk of autoimmunity. Analysis of variance, independent samples t test, and a general linear model were used in secondary analyses to test associations of background characteristics and dietary factors with inflammation markers.RESULTS:
In unadjusted analyses, calprotectin was not associated with risk of islet autoimmunity, whereas HBD-2 in the middle (odds ratio [OR] 3.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03, 10.08) or highest tertile (OR 3.02; 95% CI 1.05, 8.69) in comparison to the lowest at 12 mo of age showed borderline association (P-trend = 0.063) with higher risk of islet autoimmunity. Excluding children with cow milk allergy in sensitivity analyses strengthened the association of HBD-2 with islet autoimmunity, whereas adjusting for dietary factors and maternal education weakened it. At age 12 mo, higher fat intake was associated with higher HBD-2 (ß 0.219; 95% CI 0.110, 0.328) and higher intake of dietary fiber (ß -0.294; 95% CI -0.510, -0.078), magnesium (ß -0.036; 95% CI -0.059, -0.014), and potassium (ß -0.003; 95% CI -0.005, -0.001) with lower HBD-2.CONCLUSIONS:
Higher HBD-2 in infancy may be associated with higher risk of islet autoimmunity. Dietary factors play a role in gut inflammatory status.Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Biomarkers
/
Autoimmunity
/
Islets of Langerhans
/
Beta-Defensins
/
Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex
/
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
/
Diet
Limits:
Female
/
Humans
/
Infant
/
Male
Country/Region as subject:
Europa
Language:
En
Journal:
J Nutr
Year:
2024
Document type:
Article