The interaction between insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease: a review article.
Postgrad Med
; 136(4): 377-395, 2024 May.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38804907
ABSTRACT
Insulin serves multiple functions as a growth-promoting hormone in peripheral tissues. It manages glucose metabolism by promoting glucose uptake into cells and curbing the production of glucose in the liver. Beyond this, insulin fosters cell growth, drives differentiation, aids protein synthesis, and deters degradative processes like glycolysis, lipolysis, and proteolysis. Receptors for insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 are widely expressed in the central nervous system. Their widespread presence in the brain underscores the varied and critical functions of insulin signaling there. Insulin aids in bolstering cognition, promoting neuron extension, adjusting the release and absorption of catecholamines, and controlling the expression and positioning of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Importantly, insulin can effortlessly traverse the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, insulin resistance (IR)-induced alterations in insulin signaling might hasten brain aging, impacting its plasticity and potentially leading to neurodegeneration. Two primary pathways are responsible for insulin signal transmission the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway, which oversees metabolic responses, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which guides cell growth, survival, and gene transcription. This review aimed to explore the potential shared metabolic traits between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and IR disorders. It delves into the relationship between AD and IR disorders, their overlapping genetic markers, and shared metabolic indicators. Additionally, it addresses existing therapeutic interventions targeting these intersecting pathways.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Insulin Resistance
/
Signal Transduction
/
Alzheimer Disease
/
Insulin
Limits:
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
Postgrad Med
/
Postgrad. med
/
Postgraduate medicine
Year:
2024
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Arabia Saudita
Country of publication:
Reino Unido