Initial COVID-19 severity influenced by SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells imprints T-cell memory and inversely affects reinfection.
Signal Transduct Target Ther
; 9(1): 141, 2024 May 29.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38811527
ABSTRACT
The immunoprotective components control COVID-19 disease severity, as well as long-term adaptive immunity maintenance and subsequent reinfection risk discrepancies across initial COVID-19 severity, remain unclarified. Here, we longitudinally analyzed SARS-CoV-2-specific immune effectors during the acute infection and convalescent phases of 165 patients with COVID-19 categorized by severity. We found that early and robust SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses ameliorate disease progression and shortened hospital stay, while delayed and attenuated virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses are prominent severe COVID-19 features. Delayed antiviral antibody generation rather than titer level associates with severe outcomes. Conversely, initial COVID-19 severity imprints the long-term maintenance of SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive immunity, demonstrating that severe convalescents exhibited more sustained virus-specific antibodies and memory T cell responses compared to mild/moderate counterparts. Moreover, initial COVID-19 severity inversely correlates with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection risk. Overall, our study unravels the complicated interaction between temporal characteristics of virus-specific T cell responses and COVID-19 severity to guide future SARS-CoV-2 wave management.
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Severity of Illness Index
/
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
/
Reinfection
/
SARS-CoV-2
/
COVID-19
/
Memory T Cells
/
Antibodies, Viral
Limits:
Adult
/
Aged
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
/
Middle aged
Language:
En
Journal:
Signal Transduct Target Ther
Year:
2024
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
China