Postoperative Hypotension After Cardiac Surgery Is Associated With Acute Kidney Injury.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To describe the incidence of postoperative hypotension in patients undergoing cardiac surgery during the first 12 hours in the intensive care unit (ICU) and any relationship between hypotension and the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). DESIGN: This was a retrospective, observational cohort study. SETTING: The study took place in a single-center tertiary teaching hospital in London, UK. PARTICIPANTS: Adult patients (n = 100) who underwent elective cardiac surgery requiring intraoperative cardiopulmonary bypass between May and November 2021 were enrolled. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A hypotensive event was defined as mean arterial pressure <65 mmHg lasting at least 1 minute. Invasive blood pressure data was analyzed for the first 12 hours after surgery, and any association between postoperative hypotension and AKI was assessed. A total of 91% of patients experienced hypotension in the first 12 hours postprocedure. On average, patients experienced 9 hypotensive events, with events lasting an average of 5 minutes. A total of 16 patients (16%) developed at least stage 1 AKI. The average duration of hypotension was significantly higher in the AKI group (4.6 min [IQR 3.3, 8.0] v 8.1 min [IQR 5.2, 14.2], p = 0.029). Those suffering AKI had longer ICU and hospital stays. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that hypotension in the first 12 hours following cardiac surgery is common and prolonged hypotensive events are associated with developing AKI. This emphasizes the importance of treating hypotension aggressively and highlights a target for further research and intervention.