Comparing a robotic imageless second-generation system to traditional instrumentation in total knee arthroplasty: A matched cohort analysis.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) has gained interest from patients and surgeons alike. Robotic systems assist with gap balancing and bone cut accuracy, which can theoretically minimize post-operative pain by decreasing soft tissue damage. This study compared perioperative results, 30- and 90-day complications, patient-reported outcomes (PROs), and survivorship to all-cause revisions between patients undergoing traditional versus rTKA. Methods: A total of 430 TKAs (215 rTKA, 215 traditional) by two fellowship trained arthroplasty surgeons were retrospectively reviewed from 2017 to 2022. All rTKAs were performed using the CORI Surgical System (Smith & Nephew, Memphis, Tennessee). Cohorts were propensity score matched by age, sex, body mass index, and American Society of Anesthesiologist classification. Blood loss, surgical times, length of stays, 30- and 90-day complications, pain scores and PROs were compared with univariable analyses. Cox regression analyses evaluated survival to all-cause revisions. Results: Patients undergoing rTKA had a higher incidence of discharge home (86.5 %-60.0 %) (p < 0.01). There was no difference in blood loss or surgical time. rTKA pain scores were lower in-hospital mean 2 (range, 0 to 9) vs 3 (range, 0 to 9) (p = 0.02) as well as at one-year post-operatively, mean 1 (range, 0 to 7) vs 2 (range, 0 to 10) (p = 0.02). Cox hazard ratio demonstrated no difference in survival to all-cause revisions (HR 1.3; CI 0.5 to 3.7) (p = 0.64). Conclusion: This matched cohort analysis demonstrated potential short-term benefits associated with imageless second generation rTKA including improved early post-operative pain, without compromising survivorship to all-cause revisions.