The Protective Effect of Gallic Acid Against Bisphenol A-Induced Ovarian Toxicity and Endocrine Disruption in Female Rats.
J Med Food
; 27(7): 651-660, 2024 Jul.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38975681
ABSTRACT
Purpose:
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of gallic acid (GA) against ovarian damage induced by bisphenol A (BPA) exposure in female rats. We evaluated whether GA can mitigate the adverse effects of BPA on ovarian structure, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and reproductive hormone levels.Methods:
Thirty-two female rats were categorized into four groups control, GA, BPA, and GA+BPA. Histopathological evaluations of ovarian tissue were performed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The immunohistochemical analysis was conducted for inflammatory, oxidative DNA damage, and apoptotic markers (Tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα], cyclooxygenase-2 [COX2], interleukin-1 beta [IL-1ß], 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine [8-OHdG], and caspase 3). Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels. Furthermore, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen, and progesterone levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:
Histopathological outcomes revealed that BPA significantly induced follicular degeneration, which was effectively mitigated by GA treatment (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis highlighted the exacerbation of inflammatory responses and oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis (TNFα, COX-2, IL-1ß, 8-OHdG, and caspase 3) in BPA-exposed tissues, which were reduced in the presence of GA (P < 0.05). The assessment of oxidative stress demonstrated that GA could significantly decrease lipid peroxidation and partially restore antioxidant defense mechanisms disrupted by BPA (P < 0.05). Hormonal profiling indicated that BPA exposure altered the levels of FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone, with GA treatment showing a capacity to modulate these changes, especially in progesterone levels (P < 0.05).Conclusions:
The findings suggest that GA exhibits protective properties against BPA-induced ovarian damage through its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, alongside its ability to modulate hormonal imbalances. This research underscores the therapeutic potential of GA in safeguarding reproductive health against environmental toxicants.Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Ovary
/
Phenols
/
Benzhydryl Compounds
/
DNA Damage
/
Apoptosis
/
Oxidative Stress
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Endocrine Disruptors
/
Gallic Acid
Limits:
Animals
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Female
/
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
J Med Food
Journal subject:
CIENCIAS DA NUTRICAO
/
MEDICINA
Year:
2024
Document type:
Article