Effects of vaccination on COVID-19 infection symptoms in multiple sclerosis patients.

ABSTRACT

Background: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are at higher risk of having infections due to receiving disease modifying therapies. The current study was conducted among Iranian MS patients who had experienced at least one episode of COVID-19 infection in order to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 vaccination on symptoms of their infection. Data on demographic information, MS characteristics, COVID-19 infection details, and vaccination status were collected. Statistical analyses, were performed to evaluate the association between vaccination and symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on confirmed MS patients. Demographic data and COVID-19 related symptoms were gathered via an online questionnaire. Confirmation of patients' who declared to be vaccinated was checked by their COVID-19 vaccination card. Results: A total of 236 MS patients participated in the study. The majority were female (79.7%), with a mean age of 36.1 ± 7.9 years. Among the participants, 72.5% had received the COVID-19 vaccine before their first episode of COVID-19 infection. The analysis showed a significant difference in the incidence of respiratory symptoms (P-value 0.01) and headache (P-value 0.04) between vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals. Logistic regression analysis revealed that vaccinated MS patients had lower odds of developing respiratory symptoms (OR0.29, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.53, P-value<0.001) or headache (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.98, P-value 0.04) during their next COVID-19 infection episode. Moreover, MS patients who were receiving immunosuppressive drugs were less likely to have respiratory symptoms (OR0.35, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.77, P-value0.009) but not headache (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.30 to 1.60, P-value 0.39). Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination can reduce the incidence of respiratory symptoms and headaches in MS patients during COVID-19 infection episodes. Additionally, patients who are receiving immunosuppressive drugs may benefit from COVID-19 vaccination.