The effects of potentially traumatic events on the recovery from pre-existing anxiety and depression symptomatology and the risk of PTSD.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The extent to which recent potentially traumatic events (PTEs) hinder the recovery from pre-existing mental health problems is largely unknown. The same applies to the extent to which non-recovery from pre-existing mental health problems increases the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aim of the present study is to gain insight in these effects. METHODS: Data were extracted from six annual surveys of the Dutch population-based Victims in Modern Society (VICTIMS) study. Of the adult respondents who participated in two subsequent surveys (labeled T1 and T2, n = 6942), those with severe anxiety and depression symptoms (ADS) at T1 (n = 487) were selected. We distinguished respondents exposed to PTEs (PTE-group, n = 162) and not exposed to PTEs (comparison group, n = 325) between T1 and T2. We applied five indicators of recovery [based on the Reliable Change Index (RCI), degrees of symptom reduction, and the cut-off score at T2]. Differences in the recovery from ADS and probable PTSD at T2 were examined using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: The PTE group less often recovered from severe ADS between T1 and T2 than the comparison group according to all five indicators of recovery, while controlling for 11 different variables (0.40 ≤ adjusted OR's ≤ 0.66). Those in the PTE group who did not recover, considerably more often suffered from probable PTSD at T2 (63%-82%) than those who did recover (0%-29%; 8.96 ≤ adjusted OR ≤ 26.33). CONCLUSION: Recent potentially traumatic events hinder the recovery from pre-existing anxiety and depression symptomatology and thereby increase the risk of probable PTSD.