Accumulation of ascorbate by endocrine-regulated and glucose-sensitive transport of dehydroascorbic acid in luteinized rat ovarian cells.

ABSTRACT

The corpus luteum is notable for very high levels of ascorbic acid. In luteal cells, ascorbic acid depletion occurs as a result of consumption during radical scavenging, inhibition of ascorbic acid uptake, and stimulation of its secretion. Oxidation of ascorbic acid generates dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA). Although levels of DHAA in blood are much lower than those of ascorbic acid, DHAA serves as the major transportable form of ascorbate for certain cell types. The aim of the present studies was to investigate whether DHAA transport is a potential mechanism for conserving ascorbic acid in the corpus luteum. DHAA uptake by rat luteal cells precultured for 24 h was linear for up to 30 min. Kinetics studies showed that uptake of DHAA was a concentration-dependent and saturable process with an estimated Michaelis constant (Km) of 830 microM and a maximum velocity (Vmax) of 700 pmol/min per 10(6) cells, a rate 50 times that of ascorbate transport. More than 90% of DHAA was reduced to ascorbic acid within 2 h of cellular uptake. DHAA uptake was energy- and microfilament-dependent, as transport was inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol (1 mM) and cytochalasin B (10 microM). Menadione (50 microM), an intracellular generator of reactive oxygen species, also markedly reduced DHAA uptake. In contrast to ascorbic acid transport, DHAA uptake was potently inhibited by glucose and phloretin, an inhibitor of glucose transporters, with IC50s of approximately 5 mM and 10 microM, respectively. DHAA uptake appears to occur via an insulin-insensitive transporter, as insulin (10 nM) had no effect on uptake. However, 24-h preincubation with insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I dose-dependently (10-100 ng/ml) stimulated DHAA uptake; similar concentrations of IGF-II had no effect. The secretion of radioactivity by cells preloaded with radiolabeled DHAA was significantly increased by prostaglandin F2alpha (1 microM). The ability of luteal cells to transport DHAA in a regulated manner may serve to maintain vital levels of ascorbic acid within the corpus luteum.