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The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance.
Houriiyah Tegally; James E. San; Matthew Cotten; Bryan Tegomoh; Gerald Mboowa; Darren P. Martin; Cheryl Baxter; Monika Moir; Arnold Lambisia; Amadou Diallo; Daniel G. Amoako; Moussa M. Diagne; Abay Sisay; Abdel-Rahman N. Zekri; Abdelhamid Barakat; Abdou Salam Gueye; Abdoul K. Sangare; Abdoul-Salam Ouedraogo; Abdourahmane SOW; Abdualmoniem O. Musa; Abdul K. Sesay; Adamou LAGARE; Adedotun-Sulaiman Kemi; Aden Elmi Abar; Adeniji A. Johnson; Adeola Fowotade; Adewumi M. Olubusuyi; Adeyemi O. Oluwapelumi; Adrienne A. Amuri; Agnes Juru; Ahmad Mabrouk Ramadan; Ahmed Kandeil; Ahmed Mostafa; Ahmed Rebai; Ahmed Sayed; Akano Kazeem; Aladje Balde; Alan Christoffels; Alexander J. Trotter; Allan Campbell; Alpha Kabinet KEITA; Amadou Kone; Amal Bouzid; Amal Souissi; Ambrose Agweyu; Ana V. Gutierrez; Andrew J. Page; Anges Yadouleton; Anika Vinze; Anise N. Happi; Anissa Chouikha; Arash Iranzadeh; Arisha Maharaj; Armel Landry Batchi-Bouyou; Arshad Ismail; Augustina Sylverken; Augustine Goba; Ayoade Femi; Ayotunde Elijah Sijuwola; Azeddine Ibrahimi; Baba Marycelin; Babatunde Lawal Salako; Bamidele S. Oderinde; Bankole Bolajoko; Beatrice Dhaala; Belinda L. Herring; Benjamin Tsofa; Bernard Mvula; Berthe-Marie Njanpop-Lafourcade; Blessing T. Marondera; Bouh Abdi KHAIREH; Bourema Kouriba; Bright Adu; Brigitte Pool; Bronwyn McInnis; Cara Brook; Carolyn Williamson; Catherine Anscombe; Catherine B. Pratt; Cathrine Scheepers; Chantal G. Akoua-Koffi; Charles N. Agoti; Cheikh Loucoubar; Chika Kingsley Onwuamah; Chikwe Ihekweazu; Christian Noel MALAKA; Christophe Peyrefitte; Chukwuma Ewean Omoruyi; Clotaire Donatien Rafai; Collins M. Morang'a; D. James Nokes; Daniel Bugembe Lule; Daniel J. Bridges; Daniel Mukadi-Bamuleka; Danny Park; David Baker; Deelan Doolabh; Deogratius Ssemwanga; Derek Tshiabuila; Diarra Bassirou; Dominic S.Y. Amuzu; Dominique Goedhals; Donald S. Grant; Donwilliams O. Omuoyo; Dorcas Maruapula; Dorcas Waruguru Wanjohi; Ebenezer Foster-Nyarko; Eddy K. Lusamaki; Edgar Simulundu; Edidah M. Ong'era; Edith N. Ngabana; Edward O. Abworo; Edward Otieno; Edwin Shumba; Edwine Barasa; EL BARA AHMED; Elmostafa EL FAHIME; Emmanuel Lokilo; Enatha Mukantwari; Erameh Cyril; Eromon Philomena; Essia Belarbi; Etienne Simon-Loriere; Etile A. Anoh; Fabian Leendertz; Fahn M. Taweh; Fares Wasfi; Fatma Abdelmoula; Faustinos T. Takawira; Fawzi Derrar; Fehintola V Ajogbasile; Florette Treurnicht; Folarin Onikepe; Francine Ntoumi; Francisca M. Muyembe; FRANCISCO NGIAMBUDULU; Frank Edgard ZONGO Ragomzingba; Fred Athanasius DRATIBI; Fred-Akintunwa Iyanu; Gabriel K. Mbunsu; Gaetan Thilliez; Gemma L. Kay; George O. Akpede; George E Uwem; Gert van Zyl; Gordon A. Awandare; Grit Schubert; Gugu P. Maphalala; Hafaliana C. Ranaivoson; Hajar Lemriss; Hannah E Omunakwe; Harris Onywera; Haruka Abe; HELA KARRAY; Hellen Nansumba; Henda Triki; Herve Alberic ADJE KADJO; Hesham Elgahzaly; Hlanai Gumbo; HOTA mathieu; Hugo Kavunga-Membo; Ibtihel Smeti; Idowu B. Olawoye; Ifedayo Adetifa; Ikponmwosa Odia; Ilhem Boutiba-Ben Boubaker; Isaac Ssewanyana; Isatta Wurie; Iyaloo S Konstantinus; Jacqueline Wemboo Afiwa Halatoko; James Ayei; Janaki Sonoo; Jean Bernard LEKANA-DOUKI; Jean-Claude C. Makangara; Jean-Jacques M. Tamfum; Jean-Michel Heraud; Jeffrey G. Shaffer; Jennifer Giandhari; Jennifer Musyoki; Jessica N. Uwanibe; Jinal N. Bhiman; Jiro Yasuda; Joana Morais; Joana Q. Mends; Jocelyn Kiconco; John Demby Sandi; John Huddleston; John Kofi Odoom; John M. Morobe; John O. Gyapong; John T. Kayiwa; Johnson C. Okolie; Joicymara Santos Xavier; Jones Gyamfi; Joseph Humphrey Kofi Bonney; Joseph Nyandwi; Josie Everatt; Jouali Farah; Joweria Nakaseegu; Joyce M. Ngoi; Joyce Namulondo; Judith U. Oguzie; Julia C. Andeko; Julius J. Lutwama; Justin O'Grady; Katherine J Siddle; Kathleen Victoir; Kayode T. Adeyemi; Kefentse A. Tumedi; Kevin Sanders Carvalho; Khadija Said Mohammed; Kunda G. Musonda; Kwabena O. Duedu; Lahcen Belyamani; Lamia Fki-Berrajah; Lavanya Singh; Leon Biscornet; Leonardo de Oliveira Martins; Lucious Chabuka; Luicer Olubayo; Lul Lojok Deng; Lynette Isabella Ochola-Oyier; Madisa Mine; Magalutcheemee Ramuth; Maha Mastouri; Mahmoud ElHefnawi; Maimouna Mbanne; Maitshwarelo I. Matsheka; Malebogo Kebabonye; Mamadou Diop; Mambu Momoh; Maria da Luz Lima Mendonca; Marietjie Venter; Marietou F Paye; Martin Faye; Martin M. Nyaga; Mathabo Mareka; Matoke-Muhia Damaris; Maureen W. Mburu; Maximillian Mpina; Claujens Chastel MFOUTOU MAPANGUY; Michael Owusu; Michael R. Wiley; Mirabeau Youtchou Tatfeng; Mitoha Ondo'o Ayekaba; Mohamed Abouelhoda; Mohamed Amine Beloufa; Mohamed G Seadawy; Mohamed K. Khalifa; Mohammed Koussai DELLAGI; Mooko Marethabile Matobo; Mouhamed Kane; Mouna Ouadghiri; Mounerou Salou; Mphaphi B. Mbulawa; Mudashiru Femi Saibu; Mulenga Mwenda; My V.T. Phan; Nabil Abid; Nadia Touil; Nadine Rujeni; Nalia Ismael; Ndeye Marieme Top; Ndongo Dia; Nedio Mabunda; Nei-yuan Hsiao; Nelson Borico Silochi; Ngonda Saasa; Nicholas Bbosa; Nickson Murunga; Nicksy Gumede; Nicole Wolter; Nikita Sitharam; Nnaemeka Ndodo; Nnennaya A. Ajayi; Noel Tordo; Nokuzola Mbhele; Norosoa H Razanajatovo; Nosamiefan Iguosadolo; Nwando Mba; Ojide C. Kingsley; Okogbenin Sylvanus; Okokhere Peter; Oladiji Femi; Olumade Testimony; Olusola Akinola Ogunsanya; Oluwatosin Fakayode; Onwe E. Ogah; Ousmane Faye; Pamela Smith-Lawrence; Pascale Ondoa; Patrice Combe; Patricia Nabisubi; Patrick Semanda; Paul E. Oluniyi; Paulo Arnaldo; Peter Kojo Quashie; Philip Bejon; Philippe Dussart; Phillip A. Bester; Placide K. Mbala; Pontiano Kaleebu; Priscilla Abechi; Rabeh El-Shesheny; Rageema Joseph; Ramy Karam Aziz; Rene Ghislain Essomba; Reuben Ayivor-Djanie; Richard Njouom; Richard O. Phillips; Richmond Gorman; Robert A. Kingsley; Rosemary Audu; Rosina A.A. Carr; Saad El Kabbaj; Saba Gargouri; Saber Masmoudi; Safietou Sankhe; Sahra Isse Mohamed; Salma MHALLA; Salome Hosch; Samar Kamal Kassim; Samar Metha; Sameh Trabelsi; Sanaa Lemriss; Sara Hassan Agwa; Sarah Wambui Mwangi; Seydou Doumbia; Sheila Makiala-Mandanda; Sherihane Aryeetey; Shymaa S. Ahmed; SIDI MOHAMED AHMED; Siham Elhamoumi; Sikhulile Moyo; Silvia Lutucuta; Simani Gaseitsiwe; Simbirie Jalloh; Soafy Andriamandimby; Sobajo Oguntope; Solene Grayo; Sonia Lekana-Douki; Sophie Prosolek; Soumeya Ouangraoua; Stephanie van Wyk; Stephen F. Schaffner; Stephen Kanyerezi; Steve AHUKA-MUNDEKE; Steven Rudder; Sureshnee Pillay; Susan Nabadda; Sylvie Behillil; Sylvie L. Budiaki; Sylvie van der Werf; Tapfumanei Mashe; Tarik Aanniz; Thabo Mohale; Thanh Le-Viet; Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan; Tobias Schindler; Tongai Maponga; Trevor Bedford; Ugochukwu J. Anyaneji; Ugwu Chinedu; Upasana Ramphal; Vincent Enouf; Vishvanath Nene; Vivianne Gorova; Wael H. Roshdy; Wasim Abdul Karim; William K. Ampofo; Wolfgang Preiser; Wonderful T. Choga; Yahaya ALI ALI AHMED; Yajna Ramphal; Yaw Bediako; Yeshnee Naidoo; Yvan Butera; Zaydah R. de Laurent; Ahmed E.O. Ouma; Anne von Gottberg; George Githinji; Matshidiso Moeti; Oyewale Tomori; Pardis C. Sabeti; Amadou A. Sall; Samuel O. Oyola; Yenew K. Tebeje; Sofonias K. Tessema; Tulio de Oliveira; Christian Happi; Richard Lessells; John Nkengasong; Eduan Wilkinson.
  • Houriiyah Tegally; Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch, South Africa.
  • James E. San; Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch, South Africa.
  • Matthew Cotten; MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit; Entebbe, Uganda.
  • Bryan Tegomoh; The Biotechnology Centre of the University of Yaounde I; Yaounde, Cameroon
  • Gerald Mboowa; Institute of Pathogen Genomics, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC); Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Darren P. Martin; Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Computational Biology Division, University of Cape Town;
  • Cheryl Baxter; Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch, South Africa.
  • Monika Moir; Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch, South Africa.
  • Arnold Lambisia; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi Kenya
  • Amadou Diallo; Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar; Dakar, Senegal.
  • Daniel G. Amoako; National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS); Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Moussa M. Diagne; Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar; Dakar, Senegal.
  • Abay Sisay; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  • Abdel-Rahman N. Zekri; Cancer Biology Department, Virology and Immunology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, 11796, Egypt
  • Abdelhamid Barakat; Genomic Sequencing Center, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
  • Abdou Salam Gueye; World Health Organization, Africa Region; Brazzaville Congo
  • Abdoul K. Sangare; Centre d'Infectiologie Charles Merieux-Mali (CICM-Mali); Bamako, Mali.
  • Abdoul-Salam Ouedraogo; Bacteriology and Virology Department Souro Sanou University Hospital, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
  • Abdourahmane SOW; West African Health Organisation
  • Abdualmoniem O. Musa; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Kassala University, Kassala city, Sudan
  • Abdul K. Sesay; MRC Unit The Gambia at LSHTM; Fajara, Gambia.
  • Adamou LAGARE; Center for Medical and Sanitary Research (CERMES)
  • Adedotun-Sulaiman Kemi; The Nigerian Institute of Medical Research; Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
  • Aden Elmi Abar; Laboratoire de la Caisse Nationale de Securite Sociale, Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti
  • Adeniji A. Johnson; Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan; Ibadan, Nigeria
  • Adeola Fowotade; Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Department, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan; Ibadan, Nigeria
  • Adewumi M. Olubusuyi; Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan; Ibadan, Nigeria
  • Adeyemi O. Oluwapelumi; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology. Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences. College of Health Sciences. University of Ilorin; Ilorin, Kwara State,
  • Adrienne A. Amuri; Pathogen Sequencing Lab, Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale (INRB); Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • Agnes Juru; National Microbiology Reference Laboratory; Harare, Zimbabwe.
  • Ahmad Mabrouk Ramadan; Libyan Center for Biotechnology Research, Tripoli 30313, Libya.
  • Ahmed Kandeil; Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre (NRC); Cairo Egypt.
  • Ahmed Mostafa; Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre (NRC); Cairo Egypt.
  • Ahmed Rebai; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax; Sfax, Tunisia.
  • Ahmed Sayed; Genomics and Epigenomics program, Research dept.,CCHE57357
  • Akano Kazeem; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University; Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • Aladje Balde; Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular Jean Piaget
  • Alan Christoffels; Institute of Pathogen Genomics, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC); Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Alexander J. Trotter; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.
  • Allan Campbell; Central Public Health Laboratories, Sierra Leone
  • Alpha Kabinet KEITA; Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinee (CERFIG), Universite de Conakry; Conakry, Guinea
  • Amadou Kone; University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology of Bamako; Bamako, Mali.
  • Amal Bouzid; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  • Amal Souissi; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax; Sfax, Tunisia.
  • Ambrose Agweyu; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi Kenya
  • Ana V. Gutierrez; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.
  • Andrew J. Page; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.
  • Anges Yadouleton; Laboratoire des Fievres Hemorragiques Virales du Benin
  • Anika Vinze; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
  • Anise N. Happi; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University; Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • Anissa Chouikha; Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
  • Arash Iranzadeh; Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Computational Biology Division, University of Cape Town;
  • Arisha Maharaj; Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch, South Africa.
  • Armel Landry Batchi-Bouyou; Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Medicale
  • Arshad Ismail; National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS); Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Augustina Sylverken; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kumasi, Ghana
  • Augustine Goba; Viral Haemorrhagic Fever Laboratory, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema Sierra Leone
  • Ayoade Femi; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University; Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • Ayotunde Elijah Sijuwola; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University; Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • Azeddine Ibrahimi; Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Rabat Medical and Pharmacy School, Mohammed The Vth University; Rabat, Morocco.
  • Baba Marycelin; Department of Immunology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 1414; Maiduguri, Nigeria
  • Babatunde Lawal Salako; The Nigerian Institute of Medical Research; Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
  • Bamidele S. Oderinde; Department of Immunology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 1414; Maiduguri, Nigeria
  • Bankole Bolajoko; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University; Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • Beatrice Dhaala; MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit; Entebbe, Uganda.
  • Belinda L. Herring; World Health Organization, Africa Region; Brazzaville Congo
  • Benjamin Tsofa; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi Kenya
  • Bernard Mvula; National HIV Reference Laboratory, Community Health Sciences Unit, Ministry of Health, Malawi
  • Berthe-Marie Njanpop-Lafourcade; World Health Organization, Africa Region; Brazzaville Congo
  • Blessing T. Marondera; African Society for Laboratory Medicine; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  • Bouh Abdi KHAIREH; National Medical and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti
  • Bourema Kouriba; Bacteriology and Virology Department Souro Sanou University Hospital, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
  • Bright Adu; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
  • Brigitte Pool; Seychelles Public Health Laboratory, Public Health Authority, Ministry of Health Seychelles
  • Bronwyn McInnis; Cancer Biology Department, Virology and Immunology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, 11796, Egypt
  • Cara Brook; Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Chicago; Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
  • Carolyn Williamson; Division of Medical Virology, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town
  • Catherine Anscombe; Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme
  • Catherine B. Pratt; University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC); Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America.
  • Cathrine Scheepers; National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS); Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Chantal G. Akoua-Koffi; CHU de Bouake, Laboratoire / Unite de Diagnostic des Virus des Fievres Hemorragiques et Virus emergents; Bouake, Cote d'Ivoire.
  • Charles N. Agoti; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi Kenya
  • Cheikh Loucoubar; Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar; Dakar, Senegal.
  • Chika Kingsley Onwuamah; Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.
  • Chikwe Ihekweazu; Nigeria Centre for Disease Control; Abuja, Nigeria.
  • Christian Noel MALAKA; Laboratoire des Arbovirus, Fievres Hemorragiques virales, Virus Emergents et Zoonoses, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Central African Republic
  • Christophe Peyrefitte; Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar; Dakar, Senegal.
  • Chukwuma Ewean Omoruyi; Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Department, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan; Ibadan, Nigeria
  • Clotaire Donatien Rafai; Le Laboratoire National de Biologie Clinique et de Sante Publique (LNBCSP), Bangui, Central African Republic
  • Collins M. Morang'a; West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana; Accra, Ghana.
  • D. James Nokes; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi Kenya
  • Daniel Bugembe Lule; MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit; Entebbe, Uganda.
  • Daniel J. Bridges; PATH, Lusaka, Zambia.
  • Daniel Mukadi-Bamuleka; Pathogen Sequencing Lab, Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale (INRB); Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • Danny Park; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
  • David Baker; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.
  • Deelan Doolabh; Division of Medical Virology, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town
  • Deogratius Ssemwanga; MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit; Entebbe, Uganda.
  • Derek Tshiabuila; KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban, South Africa.
  • Diarra Bassirou; Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar; Dakar, Senegal.
  • Dominic S.Y. Amuzu; West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana; Accra, Ghana.
  • Dominique Goedhals; PathCare Vermaak, Pretoria, South Africa and Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
  • Donald S. Grant; Viral Haemorrhagic Fever Laboratory, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema Sierra Leone
  • Donwilliams O. Omuoyo; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi Kenya
  • Dorcas Maruapula; Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership & Botswana Harvard HIV Reference Laboratory; Gaborone, Botswana.
  • Dorcas Waruguru Wanjohi; Institute of Pathogen Genomics, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC); Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Ebenezer Foster-Nyarko; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.
  • Eddy K. Lusamaki; Pathogen Sequencing Lab, Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale (INRB); Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • Edgar Simulundu; Macha Research Trust, Choma, Zambia
  • Edidah M. Ong'era; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi Kenya
  • Edith N. Ngabana; Pathogen Sequencing Lab, Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale (INRB); Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • Edward O. Abworo; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
  • Edward Otieno; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi Kenya
  • Edwin Shumba; African Society for Laboratory Medicine; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  • Edwine Barasa; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi Kenya
  • EL BARA AHMED; INRSP, Nouakchott, Mauritania
  • Elmostafa EL FAHIME; Functional genomic Platform / National Centre for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST); Rabat, Morocco.
  • Emmanuel Lokilo; Pathogen Sequencing Lab, Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale (INRB); Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • Enatha Mukantwari; Rwanda National Reference Laboratory; Kigali, Rwanda.
  • Erameh Cyril; Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria
  • Eromon Philomena; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University; Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • Essia Belarbi; Robert Koch-Institute; Berlin, Germany.
  • Etienne Simon-Loriere; G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA viruses, Institut Pasteur; Paris, France.
  • Etile A. Anoh; CHU de Bouake, Laboratoire / Unite de Diagnostic des Virus des Fievres Hemorragiques et Virus emergents; Bouake, Cote d'Ivoire.
  • Fabian Leendertz; Robert Koch-Institute; Berlin, Germany.
  • Fahn M. Taweh; National Public Health Reference Laboratory-National Public Health Institute of Liberia
  • Fares Wasfi; Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
  • Fatma Abdelmoula; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax; Sfax, Tunisia.
  • Faustinos T. Takawira; National Microbiology Reference Laboratory; Harare, Zimbabwe.
  • Fawzi Derrar; National Influenza Centre, Institut Pasteur d'Algerie, Algiers; Algeria
  • Fehintola V Ajogbasile; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University; Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • Florette Treurnicht; Department of Virology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
  • Folarin Onikepe; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University; Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • Francine Ntoumi; Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Medicale
  • Francisca M. Muyembe; Pathogen Sequencing Lab, Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale (INRB); Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • FRANCISCO NGIAMBUDULU; Instituto Nacional de Investigacao em Saude (National Institute for Health Research), Luanda, 3635, Angola.
  • Frank Edgard ZONGO Ragomzingba; Ministere de Sante Publique et de la Solidarite Nationale, Chad
  • Fred Athanasius DRATIBI; WHO Int Comoros
  • Fred-Akintunwa Iyanu; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University; Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • Gabriel K. Mbunsu; Universite de Kinshasa (UNIKIN); Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • Gaetan Thilliez; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.
  • Gemma L. Kay; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.
  • George O. Akpede; Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria
  • George E Uwem; Department of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • Gert van Zyl; Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa.
  • Gordon A. Awandare; West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana; Accra, Ghana.
  • Grit Schubert; Robert Koch-Institute; Berlin, Germany.
  • Gugu P. Maphalala; Institution and Department: Ministry Of Health, COVID-19 Testing Laboratory; Mbabane, Kingdom of Eswatini.
  • Hafaliana C. Ranaivoson; Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar; Antananarivo, Madagascar.
  • Hajar Lemriss; Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, High Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan 1st University of Settat; Settat, Morocco
  • Hannah E Omunakwe; Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
  • Harris Onywera; Institute of Pathogen Genomics, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC); Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Haruka Abe; Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University; Nagasaki, Japan.
  • HELA KARRAY; CHU Habib Bourguiba, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax; Sfax, Tunisia
  • Hellen Nansumba; Central Public Health Laboratories (CPHL); Kampala, Uganda.
  • Henda Triki; Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
  • Herve Alberic ADJE KADJO; Institut Pasteur de Cote d'Ivoire, Departement des Virus Epidemiques
  • Hesham Elgahzaly; Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams Research institute (MASRI), Ain Shams University; Cairo, Egypt.
  • Hlanai Gumbo; National Microbiology Reference Laboratory; Harare, Zimbabwe.
  • HOTA mathieu; Doctoral School of Technical and Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology and Human Health, Chad
  • Hugo Kavunga-Membo; Pathogen Sequencing Lab, Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale (INRB); Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • Ibtihel Smeti; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax; Sfax, Tunisia.
  • Idowu B. Olawoye; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University; Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • Ifedayo Adetifa; Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Department, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan; Ibadan, Nigeria
  • Ikponmwosa Odia; Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria
  • Ilhem Boutiba-Ben Boubaker; Charles Nicolle Hospital, Laboratory of Microbiology, National Influenza Center, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia
  • Isaac Ssewanyana; Central Public Health Laboratories (CPHL); Kampala, Uganda.
  • Isatta Wurie; College of Medicine and Allied Health Science, University of Sierra Leone
  • Iyaloo S Konstantinus; Namibia Institute of Pathology; Windhoek, Namibia
  • Jacqueline Wemboo Afiwa Halatoko; National Institute of Hygiene, Lome, Togo
  • James Ayei; National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Juba, Republic of South Sudan
  • Janaki Sonoo; Virology/Molecular Biology Department, Central Health Laboratory, Victoria Hospital, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Mauritius
  • Jean Bernard LEKANA-DOUKI; Centre Interdisciplinaires de Recherches Medicales de Franceville (CIRMF); Franceville, Gabon.
  • Jean-Claude C. Makangara; Pathogen Sequencing Lab, Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale (INRB); Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • Jean-Jacques M. Tamfum; Pathogen Sequencing Lab, Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale (INRB); Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • Jean-Michel Heraud; Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar; Dakar, Senegal.
  • Jeffrey G. Shaffer; Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University; New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
  • Jennifer Giandhari; KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban, South Africa.
  • Jennifer Musyoki; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi Kenya
  • Jessica N. Uwanibe; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University; Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • Jinal N. Bhiman; National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS); Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Jiro Yasuda; Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University; Nagasaki, Japan.
  • Joana Morais; Instituto Nacional de Investigacao em Saude (National Institute for Health Research), Luanda, 3635, Angola.
  • Joana Q. Mends; UHAS COVID-19 Testing and Research Centre, University of Health and Allied Sciences; Ho, Ghana.
  • Jocelyn Kiconco; Uganda Virus Research Institute; Entebbe, Uganda.
  • John Demby Sandi; Viral Haemorrhagic Fever Laboratory, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema Sierra Leone
  • John Huddleston; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
  • John Kofi Odoom; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
  • John M. Morobe; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi Kenya
  • John O. Gyapong; UHAS COVID-19 Testing and Research Centre, University of Health and Allied Sciences; Ho, Ghana.
  • John T. Kayiwa; MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit; Entebbe, Uganda.
  • Johnson C. Okolie; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University; Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • Joicymara Santos Xavier; Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch, South Africa.
  • Jones Gyamfi; UHAS COVID-19 Testing and Research Centre, University of Health and Allied Sciences; Ho, Ghana.
  • Joseph Humphrey Kofi Bonney; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
  • Joseph Nyandwi; National Institute of Public Health, Burundi
  • Josie Everatt; National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS); Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Jouali Farah; Anoual Laboratory; Casablanca, Morocco.
  • Joweria Nakaseegu; Uganda Virus Research Institute; Entebbe, Uganda.
  • Joyce M. Ngoi; West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana; Accra, Ghana.
  • Joyce Namulondo; Uganda Virus Research Institute; Entebbe, Uganda.
  • Judith U. Oguzie; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University; Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • Julia C. Andeko; Centre Interdisciplinaires de Recherches Medicales de Franceville (CIRMF); Franceville, Gabon.
  • Julius J. Lutwama; MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit; Entebbe, Uganda.
  • Justin O'Grady; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.
  • Katherine J Siddle; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
  • Kathleen Victoir; Institut Pasteur, 25-26 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris
  • Kayode T. Adeyemi; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University; Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • Kefentse A. Tumedi; Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation; Gaborone, Botswana.
  • Kevin Sanders Carvalho; Instituto Nacional de Saude Publica, Cape Verde
  • Khadija Said Mohammed; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi Kenya
  • Kunda G. Musonda; Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia.
  • Kwabena O. Duedu; UHAS COVID-19 Testing and Research Centre, University of Health and Allied Sciences; Ho, Ghana.
  • Lahcen Belyamani; Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Rabat Medical and Pharmacy School, Mohammed The Vth University; Rabat, Morocco.
  • Lamia Fki-Berrajah; CHU Habib Bourguiba, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax; Sfax, Tunisia
  • Lavanya Singh; KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban, South Africa.
  • Leon Biscornet; Seychelles Public Health Laboratory, Public Health Authority, Ministry of Health Seychelles
  • Leonardo de Oliveira Martins; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.
  • Lucious Chabuka; Public Health Institute of Malawi
  • Luicer Olubayo; Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Computational Biology Division, University of Cape Town;
  • Lul Lojok Deng; National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Juba, Republic of South Sudan
  • Lynette Isabella Ochola-Oyier; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi Kenya
  • Madisa Mine; National Health laboratory; Gaborone, Botswana.
  • Magalutcheemee Ramuth; Virology/Molecular Biology Department, Central Health Laboratory, Victoria Hospital, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Mauritius
  • Maha Mastouri; Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances (LR99ES27), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir. Tunisia
  • Mahmoud ElHefnawi; Biomedical Informatics and Chemoinformatics Group, Informatics and Systems Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
  • Maimouna Mbanne; Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar; Dakar, Senegal.
  • Maitshwarelo I. Matsheka; Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation; Gaborone, Botswana.
  • Malebogo Kebabonye; Ministry of health and wellness; Gaborone, Botswana.
  • Mamadou Diop; Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar; Dakar, Senegal.
  • Mambu Momoh; Viral Haemorrhagic Fever Laboratory, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema Sierra Leone
  • Maria da Luz Lima Mendonca; Instituto Nacional de Saude Publica, Cape Verde
  • Marietjie Venter; Zoonotic Arbo and Respiratory Virus Program, Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
  • Marietou F Paye; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
  • Martin Faye; Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar; Dakar, Senegal.
  • Martin M. Nyaga; Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
  • Mathabo Mareka; National Reference Laboratory Lesotho; Maseru, Lesotho
  • Matoke-Muhia Damaris; Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
  • Maureen W. Mburu; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi Kenya
  • Maximillian Mpina; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute; Basel, Switzerland
  • Claujens Chastel MFOUTOU MAPANGUY; Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Medicale
  • Michael Owusu; Department of Medical Diagnostics, Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; Kumasi, Gh
  • Michael R. Wiley; University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC); Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America.
  • Mirabeau Youtchou Tatfeng; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Niger Delta University; Bayelsa State, Nigeria
  • Mitoha Ondo'o Ayekaba; Laboratorio de Investigaciones de Baney; Baney, Equatorial Guinea.
  • Mohamed Abouelhoda; Systems and Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt.
  • Mohamed Amine Beloufa; National Influenza Centre, Institut Pasteur d'Algerie, Algiers; Algeria
  • Mohamed G Seadawy; Biological Prevention Department, Egyptian Army, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum; Cairo, Egypt
  • Mohamed K. Khalifa; Molecular Pathology Lab Childeren Cancer Hospital 57357 Egypt
  • Mohammed Koussai DELLAGI; Institut Pasteur, 25-26 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris
  • Mooko Marethabile Matobo; National Reference Laboratory Lesotho; Maseru, Lesotho
  • Mouhamed Kane; Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar; Dakar, Senegal.
  • Mouna Ouadghiri; Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Rabat Medical and Pharmacy School, Mohammed The Vth University; Rabat, Morocco.
  • Mounerou Salou; Laboratoire Biolim FSS/Universite de Lome -Togo
  • Mphaphi B. Mbulawa; Ministry of health and wellness; Gaborone, Botswana.
  • Mudashiru Femi Saibu; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University; Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • Mulenga Mwenda; PATH, Lusaka, Zambia.
  • My V.T. Phan; MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit; Entebbe, Uganda.
  • Nabil Abid; Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances (LR99ES27), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir. Tunisia
  • Nadia Touil; Genomic Center for Human Pathologies (GENOPATH), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V; Rabat, Morocco.
  • Nadine Rujeni; Rwanda National Joint Task Force COVID-19, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Ministry of Health; Kigali, Rwanda
  • Nalia Ismael; Instituto Nacional de Saude (INS); Marracuene, Mozambique.
  • Ndeye Marieme Top; Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar; Dakar, Senegal.
  • Ndongo Dia; Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar; Dakar, Senegal.
  • Nedio Mabunda; Instituto Nacional de Saude (INS); Marracuene, Mozambique.
  • Nei-yuan Hsiao; Division of Medical Virology, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town
  • Nelson Borico Silochi; Laboratorio de Investigaciones de Baney; Baney, Equatorial Guinea.
  • Ngonda Saasa; University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Disease Control; Lusaka, Zambia.
  • Nicholas Bbosa; MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit; Entebbe, Uganda.
  • Nickson Murunga; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi Kenya
  • Nicksy Gumede; World Health Organization, Africa Region; Brazzaville Congo
  • Nicole Wolter; National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS); Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Nikita Sitharam; Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch, South Africa.
  • Nnaemeka Ndodo; Nigeria Centre for Disease Control; Abuja, Nigeria.
  • Nnennaya A. Ajayi; Internal Medicine Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital; Abakaliki, Nigeria.
  • Noel Tordo; Institut Pasteur de Guinee
  • Nokuzola Mbhele; Division of Medical Virology, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town
  • Norosoa H Razanajatovo; Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar; Antananarivo, Madagascar.
  • Nosamiefan Iguosadolo; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University; Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • Nwando Mba; Nigeria Centre for Disease Control; Abuja, Nigeria.
  • Ojide C. Kingsley; Virology Laboratory, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital; Abakaliki, Nigeria.
  • Okogbenin Sylvanus; Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria
  • Okokhere Peter; Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria
  • Oladiji Femi; Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences. College of Health Sciences. University of Ilorin; Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
  • Olumade Testimony; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University; Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • Olusola Akinola Ogunsanya; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University; Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • Oluwatosin Fakayode; Department of Public Health. Ministry of Health; Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
  • Onwe E. Ogah; Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital; Abakaliki, Nigeria.
  • Ousmane Faye; Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar; Dakar, Senegal.
  • Pamela Smith-Lawrence; Ministry of health and wellness; Gaborone, Botswana.
  • Pascale Ondoa; African Society for Laboratory Medicine; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  • Patrice Combe; Mayotte Hospital Center; Mayotte, France.
  • Patricia Nabisubi; The African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data-Intensive Sciences, The Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda
  • Patrick Semanda; Central Public Health Laboratories (CPHL); Kampala, Uganda.
  • Paul E. Oluniyi; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University; Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • Paulo Arnaldo; Instituto Nacional de Saude (INS); Marracuene, Mozambique.
  • Peter Kojo Quashie; West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana; Accra, Ghana.
  • Philip Bejon; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi Kenya
  • Philippe Dussart; Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar; Antananarivo, Madagascar.
  • Phillip A. Bester; Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and University of the Free State; Bloemfontein, South Africa.
  • Placide K. Mbala; Pathogen Sequencing Lab, Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale (INRB); Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • Pontiano Kaleebu; MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit; Entebbe, Uganda.
  • Priscilla Abechi; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University; Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • Rabeh El-Shesheny; Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre (NRC); Cairo Egypt.
  • Rageema Joseph; Division of Medical Virology, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town
  • Ramy Karam Aziz; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
  • Rene Ghislain Essomba; National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health of Cameroon
  • Reuben Ayivor-Djanie; UHAS COVID-19 Testing and Research Centre, University of Health and Allied Sciences; Ho, Ghana.
  • Richard Njouom; Virology Service, Centre Pasteur of Cameroun; Yaounde, Cameroun.
  • Richard O. Phillips; Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; Kumasi, Ghana
  • Richmond Gorman; Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; Kumasi, Ghana
  • Robert A. Kingsley; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.
  • Rosemary Audu; The Nigerian Institute of Medical Research; Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
  • Rosina A.A. Carr; UHAS COVID-19 Testing and Research Centre, University of Health and Allied Sciences; Ho, Ghana.
  • Saad El Kabbaj; Laboratoire de Recherche et d'Analyses Medicales de la Gendarmerie Royale; Rabat, Morocco.
  • Saba Gargouri; CHU Habib Bourguiba, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax; Sfax, Tunisia
  • Saber Masmoudi; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax; Sfax, Tunisia.
  • Safietou Sankhe; Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar; Dakar, Senegal.
  • Sahra Isse Mohamed; National Public Health Reference Laboratory (NPHRL), Somalia
  • Salma MHALLA; Faculty of medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
  • Salome Hosch; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute; Basel, Switzerland
  • Samar Kamal Kassim; Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams Research institute (MASRI), Ain Shams University; Cairo, Egypt.
  • Samar Metha; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
  • Sameh Trabelsi; Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Lab, LR16SP02, National Center of Pharmacovigilance, University of Tunis El Manar; Tunis, Tunisia.
  • Sanaa Lemriss; Laboratoire de Recherche et d'Analyses Medicales de la Gendarmerie Royale; Rabat, Morocco.
  • Sara Hassan Agwa; Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams Research institute (MASRI), Ain Shams University; Cairo, Egypt.
  • Sarah Wambui Mwangi; Institute of Pathogen Genomics, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC); Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Seydou Doumbia; University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology of Bamako; Bamako, Mali.
  • Sheila Makiala-Mandanda; Pathogen Sequencing Lab, Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale (INRB); Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • Sherihane Aryeetey; Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; Kumasi, Ghana
  • Shymaa S. Ahmed; Central Public Health Laboratories (CPHL); Cairo, Egypt.
  • SIDI MOHAMED AHMED; INRSP, Nouakchott, Mauritania
  • Siham Elhamoumi; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
  • Sikhulile Moyo; Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership & Botswana Harvard HIV Reference Laboratory; Gaborone, Botswana.
  • Silvia Lutucuta; Instituto Nacional de Investigacao em Saude (National Institute for Health Research), Luanda, 3635, Angola.
  • Simani Gaseitsiwe; Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership & Botswana Harvard HIV Reference Laboratory; Gaborone, Botswana.
  • Simbirie Jalloh; Viral Haemorrhagic Fever Laboratory, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema Sierra Leone
  • Soafy Andriamandimby; Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar; Antananarivo, Madagascar.
  • Sobajo Oguntope; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University; Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • Solene Grayo; Institut Pasteur de Guinee
  • Sonia Lekana-Douki; Centre Interdisciplinaires de Recherches Medicales de Franceville (CIRMF); Franceville, Gabon.
  • Sophie Prosolek; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.
  • Soumeya Ouangraoua; Centre MURAZ; Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
  • Stephanie van Wyk; Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch, South Africa.
  • Stephen F. Schaffner; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
  • Stephen Kanyerezi; The African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data-Intensive Sciences, The Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda
  • Steve AHUKA-MUNDEKE; Pathogen Sequencing Lab, Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale (INRB); Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • Steven Rudder; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.
  • Sureshnee Pillay; KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban, South Africa.
  • Susan Nabadda; Central Public Health Laboratories (CPHL); Kampala, Uganda.
  • Sylvie Behillil; National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, UMR 3569 CNRS, Universite Paris Cite, Institut Pasteur; Paris, France
  • Sylvie L. Budiaki; National Reference Laboratory Lesotho; Maseru, Lesotho
  • Sylvie van der Werf; National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, UMR 3569 CNRS, Universite Paris Cite, Institut Pasteur; Paris, France
  • Tapfumanei Mashe; National Microbiology Reference Laboratory; Harare, Zimbabwe.
  • Tarik Aanniz; Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Rabat Medical and Pharmacy School, Mohammed The Vth University; Rabat, Morocco.
  • Thabo Mohale; National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS); Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Thanh Le-Viet; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.
  • Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitatsklinikum Tubingen, Germany.
  • Tobias Schindler; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute; Basel, Switzerland
  • Tongai Maponga; Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa.
  • Trevor Bedford; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
  • Ugochukwu J. Anyaneji; KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban, South Africa.
  • Ugwu Chinedu; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University; Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • Upasana Ramphal; KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban, South Africa.
  • Vincent Enouf; National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, UMR 3569 CNRS, Universite Paris Cite, Institut Pasteur; Paris, France
  • Vishvanath Nene; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
  • Vivianne Gorova; World Health Organization, WHO Lesotho; Maseru, Lesotho
  • Wael H. Roshdy; Central Public Health Laboratories (CPHL); Cairo, Egypt.
  • Wasim Abdul Karim; Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch, South Africa.
  • William K. Ampofo; Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
  • Wolfgang Preiser; Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa.
  • Wonderful T. Choga; Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership & Botswana Harvard HIV Reference Laboratory; Gaborone, Botswana.
  • Yahaya ALI ALI AHMED; World Health Organization, Africa Region; Brazzaville Congo
  • Yajna Ramphal; Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch, South Africa.
  • Yaw Bediako; West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana; Accra, Ghana.
  • Yeshnee Naidoo; KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban, South Africa.
  • Yvan Butera; Rwanda National Joint Task Force COVID-19, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Ministry of Health; Kigali, Rwanda
  • Zaydah R. de Laurent; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi Kenya
  • Ahmed E.O. Ouma; Institute of Pathogen Genomics, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC); Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Anne von Gottberg; National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS); Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • George Githinji; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi Kenya
  • Matshidiso Moeti; World Health Organization, Africa Region; Brazzaville Congo
  • Oyewale Tomori; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University; Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • Pardis C. Sabeti; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
  • Amadou A. Sall; Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar; Dakar, Senegal.
  • Samuel O. Oyola; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
  • Yenew K. Tebeje; Institute of Pathogen Genomics, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC); Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Sofonias K. Tessema; Institute of Pathogen Genomics, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC); Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Tulio de Oliveira; Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch, South Africa.
  • Christian Happi; African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University; Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
  • Richard Lessells; KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban, South Africa.
  • John Nkengasong; Institute of Pathogen Genomics, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC); Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Eduan Wilkinson; Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Preprint En | PREPRINT-MEDRXIV | ID: ppmedrxiv-22273906
Investment in Africa over the past year with regards to SARS-CoV-2 genotyping has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, exceeding 100,000 genomes generated to track the pandemic on the continent. Our results show an increase in the number of African countries able to sequence within their own borders, coupled with a decrease in sequencing turnaround time. Findings from this genomic surveillance underscores the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic but we observe repeated dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 variants within the continent. Sustained investment for genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve, particularly in the low vaccination landscape. These investments are very crucial for preparedness and response for future pathogen outbreaks. One-Sentence SummaryExpanding Africa SARS-CoV-2 sequencing capacity in a fast evolving pandemic.

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