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Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos y microbiológicos en pacientes menores de 5 años con neumonía bacteriana / Epidemiological, clinical and microbiologic aspects in patients under 5 years with bacterial pneumonia
Guibert Basto, Leidys; Tamayo Reus, Caridad María; Góngora Wilson, Tatiana; Palay Justiz, Yaima; Carrión Rosell, Yamirka.
Affiliation
  • Guibert Basto, Leidys; Hospital Infantil Docente Sur Antonio María Béguez César. Santiago de Cuba. CU
  • Tamayo Reus, Caridad María; Hospital Infantil Docente Sur Antonio María Béguez César. Santiago de Cuba. CU
  • Góngora Wilson, Tatiana; Policlínico Universitario Josué País García. Santiago de Cuba. CU
  • Palay Justiz, Yaima; Hospital Infantil Docente Sur Antonio María Béguez César. Santiago de Cuba. CU
  • Carrión Rosell, Yamirka; Hospital General Docente Juan B. Viñas González. Palma Soriano, Santiago de Cuba. CU
Medisan ; 25(6)2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1356473
Responsible library: CU418.1
RESUMEN

Introducción:

Las infecciones respiratorias agudas abarcan entre 20 y 40 % del total de todas las hospitalizaciones y 20 - 34 % de las muertes en menores de 5 años de edad, fundamentalmente a expensas de neumonía.

Objetivo:

Describir aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos y microbiológicos en pacientes menores de 5 años con neumonía bacteriana.

Métodos:

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 39 pacientes con neumonía y aislamientos bacterianos en hemocultivos, líquido pleural y/o exudados nasofaringeos, ingresados en el Hospital Infantil Docente Sur Antonio María Béguez Cesar de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero de 2018 hasta diciembre de 2019. Se analizaron variables de interés, tales como edad, sexo, factores de riesgo, sintomatología y cultivos microbiológicos. Se utilizaron la frecuencia absoluta y el porcentaje como medidas de resumen.

Resultados:

Prevalecieron los pacientes entre 1 - 4 años de edad, el sexo femenino y los hemocultivos con estafilococos coagulasa negativo, así como neumococos, estos últimos también aislados en exudados nasofaríngeos. Los factores de riesgo más frecuentes fueron infección respiratoria aguda previa, uso anticipado de antibióticos, asistencia a círculo infantil, supresión precoz de lactancia materna, fiebre, tos, tiraje y alteraciones del murmullo vesicular. Predominaron la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda y el derrame pleural como complicaciones. Se notificó más gravedad en los lactantes y ocurrieron 2 decesos, para una letalidad de 1,47 %.

Conclusiones:

La conjunción de factores de riesgo detectados, la baja positividad de los cultivos, la identificación de bacterias prevalentes en hemocultivos y el descenso de la letalidad resultaron de interés en el estudio.
ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Acute respiratory infections take in between 20 and 40 % of all the hospitalizations and 20 - 34% of deaths in children under 5 years, fundamentally at the expense of pneumonia.

Objective:

To describe epidemiologic, clinical and microbiologic aspects in patients under 5 years with bacterial pneumonia.

Methods:

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 39 patients with pneumonia and bacterial isolations in hemocultures, pleural fluid and/or nasopharyngeal swabs was carried out. They were admitted to Antonio María Béguez Cesar Southern Teaching Children Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January, 2018 to December, 2019. Variables of interest were analyzed, such as age, sex, risk factors, symptomatology and microbiologic cultures. The absolute frequency and the percentage as summary measures were used.

Results:

There was a prevalence of patients among 1 - 4 years, female sex and the hemocultures with negative coagulase staphylococcu, as well as pneumococus, these last ones also isolated in nasopharingeal swabs. The most frequent risk factors were previous acute respiratory infection, premature use of antibiotics, attendance to day care center, early suppression of breastfeeding, fever, cough, tirage and changes of the vesicular breath sound. The acute respiratory failure and pleural effusion as complications prevailed. More seriousness was notified in infants and there were 2 deaths, for a letality of 1.47 %.

Conclusions:

The combination of detected risk factors, low positivity of the cultures, identification of bacterias prevalents in hemocultures and the decrease of letality was of interest in the study.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Health context: SDG3 - Health and Well-Being / SDG3 - Target 3.3 End transmission of communicable diseases / SDG3 - Target 3.4 Reduce premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases / SDG3 - Target 3.2 Reduce avoidable death in newborns and children under 5 Health problem: Target 3.1: Reduce maternal mortality / Target 3.4: Reduce premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases / Target 3.2: Reduce avoidable death in newborns and children under 5 / Pneumonia / Other Respiratory Diseases / Infections / Nutrition Database: CUMED / LILACS Main subject: Pneumonia, Bacterial Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Language: Spanish Journal: Medisan Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2021 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Cuba Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital General Docente Juan B. Viñas González/CU / Hospital Infantil Docente Sur Antonio María Béguez César/CU / Policlínico Universitario Josué País García/CU
Full text: Available Collection: International databases Health context: SDG3 - Health and Well-Being / SDG3 - Target 3.3 End transmission of communicable diseases / SDG3 - Target 3.4 Reduce premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases / SDG3 - Target 3.2 Reduce avoidable death in newborns and children under 5 Health problem: Target 3.1: Reduce maternal mortality / Target 3.4: Reduce premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases / Target 3.2: Reduce avoidable death in newborns and children under 5 / Pneumonia / Other Respiratory Diseases / Infections / Nutrition Database: CUMED / LILACS Main subject: Pneumonia, Bacterial Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Language: Spanish Journal: Medisan Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2021 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Cuba Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital General Docente Juan B. Viñas González/CU / Hospital Infantil Docente Sur Antonio María Béguez César/CU / Policlínico Universitario Josué País García/CU
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