Violência mental: ansiedade e depressão durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil / Mental violence: anxiety and depression during COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil

RESUMO

Buscou-se avaliar a frequência de ansiedade e depressão e seus fatores associados ao longo da pandemia de COVID-19. Estudo transversal exploratório envolvendo 1.057 participantes, sendo aplicados os questionários GAD-7 e PHQ-9, através de Plataforma Google Forms, com amostragem bola de neve. A média de idade foi de 38 ± 14 anos, sendo 78% mulheres, provindos de 21 Estados brasileiros. Quarenta e dois por cento dos participantes tiveram escore GAD-7 ≥ 10, cerca de 53% teve escore PHQ-9 ≥ 10. Principais fatores de risco incluíram gênero feminino, ser jovem, casado ou com companheiro, consumir bebidas alcoólicas, problemas psiquiátricos prévios, utilizar medicação para dormir, dormir menos de 8 horas, percepção negativa sobre COVID-19, estar em isolamento social, pesadelos frequentes e ideação suicida. O Brasil mantém-se com altos níveis de ansiedade e depressão durante a pandemia em associação com ideação suicida.

ABSTRACT

Anxiety and depression disorders are associated with professional and academic impairment and reduced life quality. Frequency of symptoms of anxiety and depression, and their association with health risk behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic are evaluated. Cross-sectional study comprised 1,057 participants, 78% females, mean age 38±14 years, from 21 different Brazilian states. GAD-7 and PHQ-9 inventories were applied by Google Forms, with snowball sampling. Forty-two percent of the participants had a GAD-7 score ≥ 10, while 53% had a PHQ-9 score ≥ 10. Main risk factors comprised being female, young, married or with partner, consuming alcoholic beverages, having previous psychiatric problems, taking sleeping pills, sleeping less than 8 hours, having a negative perception about COVID-19, staying isolated, having frequent nightmares and suicide thoughts. Brazil is a country featuring high levels of symptoms of anxiety and depression, significantly associated with suicide thoughts.