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Conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas dos adolescentes acerca do HIV/aids e outras IST: um estudo no interior do Nordeste brasileiro / Knowledge, attitudes and practices of adolescents about HIV/AIDS and other STIs: a study in the interior of the Brazilian Northeast
Natal; s.n; 20200000. 103 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | BBO - Dentistry | ID: biblio-1436284
Responsible library: BR1264.1
RESUMO
Na adolescência são estabelecidos padrões básicos de comportamento que repercutem ao longo da vida e, dentre estes, tem-se a sexualidade. Nesse momento de grandes transformações biopsicossociais, costuma ocorrer a iniciação sexual, muitas vezes sem a orientação prévia de um adulto e cercada de muitas dúvidas e curiosidades. Desse modo, torna-se imperioso conhecer os saberes e práticas dos adolescentes escolares acerca do HIV/aids e outras IST, com o intuito de subsidiar políticas públicas de saúde que trabalhem a saúde sexual dessa população. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho é avaliar os saberes e práticas dos adolescentes escolares em relação ao HIV/aids e outras IST no interior do Nordeste brasileiro. Para isso, realizou-se estudo transversal do tipo inquérito CAP (Conhecimento, Atitude e Prática) que incluiu doze escolas públicas de sete cidades norte-rio-grandenses, totalizando 623 indivíduos. Utilizou-se dois questionários eletrônicos, um acerca dos dados socioeconômicos/demográficos, e o outro intitulado "Questionário para avaliação de programas de prevenção das DST/AIDS", utilizado pelo Ministério da Saúde. A confiabilidade dos itens foi averiguada por meio do Alfa de Cronbach, onde a média de cada valor variou de 0,198 a 0,379. Também foi realizada análise fatorial para analisar a estrutura das correlações entre as variáveis. O estudo verificou que os 10 itens remanescentes apresentaram os requisitos exigidos para o desenvolvimento da AFE, apresentando para a estatística de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin o valor de 0,639. O teste de esfericidade de Bartlett apresentou significância (Qui2 762.479; GL 45; p<0,001). A variância total acumulada foi de 0,763. Os domínios resultantes da análise fatorial foram Estilo de vida/hábitos, atitudes preventivas, formas de transmissão endógenas e formas de transmissão exógenas. Em relação ao grau do conhecimento geral sobre HIV/aids, observou-se que os participantes do sexo feminino (6,16), com companheiro (6,24), cursando o 3º ano do ensino médio (6,19), brancos (6,20), não adeptos (6,15) e não frequentadores de cerimônias religiosas (6,20), morando sozinhos (7,49), com pais não casados (6,17) e filhos de pais com ensino superior completo (6,26/6,34) obtiveram maiores médias de acerto. Metade dos adolescentes afirmaram já terem realizado sua primeira relação sexual, no entanto, apenas 31,3% relataram ter feito uso do preservativo nos últimos seis meses. Embora apresentem um nível considerável de conhecimento acerca da prevenção do HIV/aids, as práticas sexuais dos adolescentes não vão de encontro às medidas preventivas, essencialmente quanto ao uso do preservativo. No que se refere à confiabilidade do questionário através das análises realizadas, foi assegurada a qualidade do instrumento. Este estudo é de extrema relevância social, uma vez que foi possível avaliar os conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas dos escolares, com vistas a subsidiar a criação de políticas e programas de orientação sexual nas escolas com a atenção voltada à saúde integral dos adolescentes, a fim de impedir que os mesmos se envolvam em situações de exposição aos riscos do HIV/aids e outras IST e garantir a aquisição de práticas sexuais seguras e saudáveis (AU).
ABSTRACT
In adolescence, basic patterns of behavior are established that reverberate throughout life and, among these, there is sexuality. In this moment of great biopsychosocial transformations, sexual initiation usually occurs, often without the prior guidance of an adult and surrounded by many doubts and curiosities. Thus, it is imperative to know the knowledge and practices of school adolescents about HIV / AIDS and other STIs, in order to subsidize public health policies that work with the sexual health of this population. Thus, the objective of this work is to evaluate the knowledge and practices of school adolescents in relation to HIV / AIDS and other STIs in the Northeast of Brazil. For this, a transversal study of the type CAP survey (Knowledge, Attitude and Practice) was carried out, which included twelve public schools in seven cities in the North of Rio Grande do Sul, totaling 623 individuals. Two electronic questionnaires were used, one about socioeconomic / demographic data, and the other entitled "Questionnaire for the evaluation of STD / AIDS prevention programs", used by the Ministry of Health. The reliability of the items was verified through the Alpha Cronbach, where the mean of each value ranged from 0.198 to 0.379. Factor analysis was also performed to analyze the structure of the correlations between the variables. The study found that the 10 remaining items presented the requirements required for the development of AFE, presenting the value of 0.639 for the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin statistic. Bartlett's sphericity test showed significance (Chi2 762,479; GL 45; p <0.001). The accumulated total variance was 0.763. The domains resulting from the factor analysis were Lifestyle / habits, preventive attitudes, endogenous forms of transmission and exogenous forms of transmission. Regarding the level of general knowledge about HIV / AIDS, it was observed that female participants (6.16), with a partner (6.24), attending the 3rd year of high school (6.19), whites ( 6.20), not adepts (6.15) and not attending religious ceremonies (6.20), living alone (7.49), with unmarried parents (6.17) and children of parents with complete higher education ( 6.26 / 6.34) had higher average scores. Half of the adolescents said they had already had their first sexual intercourse, however, only 31.3% reported having used a condom in the last six months. Although they have a considerable level of knowledge about HIV / AIDS prevention, the sexual practices of adolescents do not go against preventive measures, essentially regarding the use of condoms. Regarding the reliability of the questionnaire through the analyzes performed, the quality of the instrument was ensured. This study is of extreme social relevance, since it was possible to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of students, with a view to subsidizing the creation of policies and programs of sexual orientation in schools with attention to the integral health of adolescents, in order to to prevent them from getting involved in situations of exposure to the risks of HIV / AIDS and other STIs and to ensure the acquisition of safe and healthy sexual practices (AU).
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Collection: National databases Health context: SDG3 - Health and Well-Being Health problem: Target 3.3: End transmission of communicable diseases Database: BBO - Dentistry Main subject: Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice / Health Education / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Validation Study Type of study: Practice guideline / Observational study / Prevalence study / Qualitative research / Risk factors Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: Portuguese Year: 2020 Document type: Thesis
Full text: Available Collection: National databases Health context: SDG3 - Health and Well-Being Health problem: Target 3.3: End transmission of communicable diseases Database: BBO - Dentistry Main subject: Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice / Health Education / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Validation Study Type of study: Practice guideline / Observational study / Prevalence study / Qualitative research / Risk factors Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: Portuguese Year: 2020 Document type: Thesis
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