The Effects of 10,000 IU Vitamin D Supplementation on Improvement of Clinical Outcomes, Inflammatory and Coagulation Markers in Moderate COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized-Controlled Trial / Los efectos de la suplementación con 10 000 UI de vitamina D en la mejora de los resultados clínicos, los marcadores inflamatorios y de coagulación en pacientes con COVID-19 moderado: un ensayo controlado aleatorizado

ABSTRACT

Background & aims: Vitamin D supplementation as animmunomodulator has been identified as a potential strategy to prevent and treat Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to analyze the effect of 10,000 IU vitamin D3supplementation on 25(OH)D levels on primary clinical outcomes (conversion length), inflammatory markers (TotalLymphocyte Count (TLC), Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio(NLR), Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR)) and coagulationmarker (D-Dimer) in moderate COVID-19 patients atWahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia.Methods: We conducted a singleblind randomized-controlled trial on the confirmed moderate COVID-19 patientsabove 18 years old and low vitamin D status. Each of inter-vention and control groups were supplemented of 10,000 IUand 1000 IU cholecalciferol that taken daily for 2 weeks.Levels of 25(OH)D were analyzed for the primary endpoint(conversion length), then correlated to secondary endpoints(Length of Stay (LOS)), clinical manifestations improvement,and markers TLC, NLR, PLR, and D-Dimer serum, handgripstrength (HGS) as functional capacity measurement, after ad-justed to age, sex, nutritional status based on body mass in-dex (BMI) and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) tool, co-morbidities, and anticoagulant administration. Medical nutri-tional therapy was given and presented as energy, protein,carbohydrate, and fat achievement, and vitamin D intake wasalso calculated.Results: A significant effects was found in 60 samples withpre-intervention vitamin D deficiency (61.7%) and insuffi-ciency (38.3%) status, and 10,000 IU of vitamin D3 supplementation could increase 25(OH)D levels within 2 weeks toreach sufficiency status (16.7%). The Vitamin D3 supplementation of 10,000 IU and 1000 IU could significantly increase25(OH)D levels compared to the control group of 1000 IU(4.61±5.43 vs. -0.29±2.72; P <0.0001) and it was correlatedto primary clinical outcome, which is length of conversion...(AU)