Factores de riesgo para el melasma. Medellín-2005 / Melasma risk factors: Medellín 2005
Med. cután. ibero-lat.-am
; Med. cután. ibero-lat.-am;35(4): 178-184, jul.-ago. 2007. tab
Article
in Es
| IBECS
| ID: ibc-62554
Responsible library:
ES15.1
Localization: ES15.1 - BNCS
El melasma es una hipermelanosis principalmente de la cara frecuente en las mujeres del trópico cuya causa es desconocida. Se han implicado factorescomo el embarazo, la exposición a la luz ultravioleta y los anticonceptivos orales, pero no se conoce el nivel de asociación. Este estudio pretendeencontrar el grado de asociación de los factores etiológicos del melasma con el desarrollo de la enfermedad en mujeres mayores de dieciocho años dela ciudad de Medellín.Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles. Se ingresaron 101 mujeres adultas que asistieron a la consulta de alguno de los investigadores,67 casos con diagnóstico clínico de melasma al momento del estudio y 34 controles, que no hubieran tenido anteriormente esta patología. Todosaceptaron voluntariamente participar en el estudio y firmaron el formato de consentimiento informado.El tamaño muestral se calculó basados en la exposición solar como factor principal de riesgo con una frecuencia teórica del 99% para los casos y del80% para los controles por experiencia clínica, con una confianza del 95%. La relación caso control fue 2 a 1. El instrumento de recolección de informaciónfue una encuesta diseñada para el estudio. La lectura de los datos se hizo a través del sistema teleform. Se realizó un análisis bivariado calculandolas diferencias de proporciones y el valor OR con intervalos de confianza y el valor de p, con una confianza del 95%.Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 38,3 años con un rango de 21-57 años.Casos: El tiempo de evolución del melasma varío de 1-20 años, 32 tenían un patrón homogéneo (47,7%) y 35 reticular (52,2%). La distribución centro-facial fue la más frecuente (52,2%) seguida de malar (35,8%) y en tercer lugar, mandibular (11,9%). El 80,5% aumentaban con la luz de Wood, el16,4% no cambiaban y el 3% disminuían.Factores de riesgo: Al analizar los factores de riesgo, los siguientes no tuvieron asociación significativa con el melasma: el fototipo, la paridad, el usoactual de anticonceptivos u otros fármacos no hormonales, la terapia hormonal diferente a las hormonas femeninas, el antecedente de enfermedadtiroidea y el antecedente de exposición solar.Se pudo comprobar una razón de disparidad mayor para sufrir la enfermedad en quienes tenían familiares en primer grado de consanguinidad conmelasma, con un OR 2,58 (intervalos 1,08-6,73) y p = 0,029, y el uso de maquillaje cosmético (tipo polvo o base) OR 3,69 (1,36-10,12) p = 0,0036.El consumo de bebidas colas fue un factor protector OR 0,021 (0,06-0,67) y p = 0,0026.Conclusión: De este estudio podemos concluir que de los múltiples factores implicados en la etiología del melasma, por estudios científicos o creenciapopular, solo el antecedente familiar de la enfermedad y el uso de cosméticos fueron factores de riesgo en mujeres de 18 años con melasma en la ciudadde Medellín. El hallazgo de que el consumo de bebidas colas actuó como un factor protector, amerita posteriores estudios
Melasma is a hiperpigmentation of unknown cause primarily of the face. Is common in women of the tropics. Pregancy, UV light and oral contraceptiveshave been implicated, but the level of association is unknown. This study pretends to find the degree association between the ethilogical factors ofmelasma with the development of the disease in women older then 18 years, in Medellín.Methods: A case and control study was carried out, including 101 adulta women; 67 of them had a diagnosis of melasma, and the other 34 werehealthy controls. The size of the sample was calculated based on solar exposure as main risk factor with a theoretical frequency of 99% for cases and88% for controls, by clinical experience with a confiability of 95%. The case control ratio was 2 to 1. The instrument for collecting of information wasa questionaire designed for the study. The data was obtained by telefom. A bivariated analysis was performed done, calculating the differences of proportionsand the OR value, with confiability intervals and p value, with a confiability of 95%.Results: Median age was 38.3 years with a range between 21 and 57.Cases: Duration of disorder varied from 1 to 20 years, 32 had an homogeneous pattern (47.7%) 35 reticular (52.2%); centrofacial distribution wasthe most common (52.2%) followed by malar (35.8%) and in third place, mandibular (11.9%). Eigthy for cent 80.5% were more visible with Woodslight, 16.4% didnt show any difference and 3% were less visible.Risk factors: Risk factors, didnt show significant association with melasma: skin phototype, number of pregnancies, actual use of contraceptives orother non hormonal drugs, hormonal therapy different from femenine hormones, history of thyroid disease and history of sola rexposure. A biggerdisparity reason for suffering the disease was confirmed for those with first degree relatives with melasma, with an OR 2.58 (1.08-6.73 intervals) and p= 0.029 and use of cosmetic makeup (powder or foundation) OR 3.69 (1.36-10.12) p = 0.0036. The intake of cola drinks was a protective factor OR0.021 (0.06-0.07) and p = 0.0026.Conclusions: We can conclude that of the many implicated factors for the development of melasma, by scientific studies of popular belief, only thefamily history of disease and the use of makeup were risks in women older then 18 years in the city of Medellin. The fact that colas intake acted as aprotective factor requires further studies
Melasma is a hiperpigmentation of unknown cause primarily of the face. Is common in women of the tropics. Pregancy, UV light and oral contraceptiveshave been implicated, but the level of association is unknown. This study pretends to find the degree association between the ethilogical factors ofmelasma with the development of the disease in women older then 18 years, in Medellín.Methods: A case and control study was carried out, including 101 adulta women; 67 of them had a diagnosis of melasma, and the other 34 werehealthy controls. The size of the sample was calculated based on solar exposure as main risk factor with a theoretical frequency of 99% for cases and88% for controls, by clinical experience with a confiability of 95%. The case control ratio was 2 to 1. The instrument for collecting of information wasa questionaire designed for the study. The data was obtained by telefom. A bivariated analysis was performed done, calculating the differences of proportionsand the OR value, with confiability intervals and p value, with a confiability of 95%.Results: Median age was 38.3 years with a range between 21 and 57.Cases: Duration of disorder varied from 1 to 20 years, 32 had an homogeneous pattern (47.7%) 35 reticular (52.2%); centrofacial distribution wasthe most common (52.2%) followed by malar (35.8%) and in third place, mandibular (11.9%). Eigthy for cent 80.5% were more visible with Woodslight, 16.4% didnt show any difference and 3% were less visible.Risk factors: Risk factors, didnt show significant association with melasma: skin phototype, number of pregnancies, actual use of contraceptives orother non hormonal drugs, hormonal therapy different from femenine hormones, history of thyroid disease and history of sola rexposure. A biggerdisparity reason for suffering the disease was confirmed for those with first degree relatives with melasma, with an OR 2.58 (1.08-6.73 intervals) and p= 0.029 and use of cosmetic makeup (powder or foundation) OR 3.69 (1.36-10.12) p = 0.0036. The intake of cola drinks was a protective factor OR0.021 (0.06-0.07) and p = 0.0026.Conclusions: We can conclude that of the many implicated factors for the development of melasma, by scientific studies of popular belief, only thefamily history of disease and the use of makeup were risks in women older then 18 years in the city of Medellin. The fact that colas intake acted as aprotective factor requires further studies
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Collection:
06-national
/
ES
Database:
IBECS
Main subject:
Melanosis
Type of study:
Etiology_studies
/
Observational_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limits:
Adult
/
Female
/
Humans
Language:
Es
Journal:
Med. cután. ibero-lat.-am
Year:
2007
Document type:
Article