Luxaciones y fracturas-luxaciones perilunares del carpo / Perilunate carpal dislocations and fracturedislocations
Rev. ortop. traumatol. (Madr., Ed. impr.)
; Rev. ortop. traumatol. (Madr., Ed. impr.);51(supl.1): 124-133, sept. 2007.
Article
in Es
| IBECS
| ID: ibc-69341
Responsible library:
ES15.1
Localization: ES15.1 - BNCS
Introducción. Las luxaciones y fracturas-luxaciones perilunares del carpo son lesiones mucho menos frecuentes que las fracturas de radio distal; sin embargo, son unas lesiones graves que puede alterar definitivamente la biomecánica de la muñeca, debido a algunas lesiones irreparables que se producen y a la dificultad de su tratamiento. Lo más importantees hacer un diagnóstico temprano de todas las estructurasafectadas (óseas, cartilaginosas y ligamentosas) y, paraello, además de la radiología convencional de la muñeca,será de gran utilidad la radiografía realizada en tracción continua. Es importante saber que las lesiones óseas no descartan la existencia de lesiones ligamentosas asociadas. La fractura de escafoides se asocia algunas veces a rotura del ligamento escafo-lunar.Tratamiento. Nunca se debe comenzar el tratamiento sinhaber clasificado la lesión según los criterios de Larsen et al en los que hay que evaluar: antigüedad, persistencia, etiología, localización anatómica, dirección y tipo o modelo de inestabilidad. Los criterios actuales se inclinan por el tratamientoquirúrgico mediante abordaje dorsal, palmar o doble,según lo requiera la lesión. Las técnicas incluyen suturao reinserciones ligamentosas, osteosíntesis preferiblemente con tornillo a compresión en el escafoides y agujas de K en el resto de las fracturas. Habrá que utilizar también agujas de K entre los diferentes huesos para que se mantengan lasrelaciones de reducción anatómica entre ellos en el tiempo en que curan las lesiones ligamentosas (8 a 12 semanas). Sólo unos pocos casos muy especiales de fracturas-luxaciones transescafoperilunares pueden ser susceptibles de hacer tratamiento conservador. La reducción anatómica de estas lesiones no garantiza un resultado final perfecto, aunque los resultados generales publicados en las series más representativasse relacionan directamente con el grado de reducción,mantenida durante el período de consolidación, que se haya conseguido. El resultado clínico suele ser mejor que el radiográfico, aunque en general no se supera el 50% de resultados buenos y excelentes. Las condiciones de la lesión parece que influyen tanto o más en el resultado que el tratamiento realizado.Conclusiones. La inestabilidad carpiana, las pseudoartrosis del escafoides y la artrosis postraumática radiocarpiana e intercarpianason complicaciones que afectan a más del 50%de los pacientes que han padecido estas lesiones, aunque hayan sido tratados en servicios especializados. Esto quiere decir que se debe seguir investigando en nuevas formas de tratamiento por parte del cirujano ortopédico y del médico rehabilitador
Introduction. Although the incidence of perilunate carpaldislocations and fracture-dislocations is much lower thanthat of distal radial fractures, their severity is much more significant since they are extremely difficult to treat and they could irreparably alter wrist biomechanics. It is essential to perform an early diagnosis of all involved structures (bone, chondral and ligamentous). For this reason, in additionto conventional films, it is very useful to carry out continuous traction radiographs. One should bear in mind that bone injury does not rule out the existence of associated ligament lesions. Scaphoid fractures are sometimes associated to scapholunate ligament tears.Treatment. Treatment should never be started without having classified the injury according to the criteria laid down by Larsen et al, according to which an assessment must be made of: time of progression, persistence, etiology, anatomical location, direction, and instability type or model. Current practice tends to favor surgical treatment by means of a dorsal, palmar or dual approach, as appropriate. Additional indications include suturing and ligament reattachmentsand osteosynthesis preferably with compression screws inthe scaphoid and K-wires in the remaining fractures. K-wires must also be used between the different bones so that anatomical reduction relations are preserved between as ligamentous injuries heal (8 to 12 weeks). Only very few special trans-scaphoid-lunate fracture dislocations are eligible for nonsurgical treatment. Anatomical reduction of these injuriesdoes not guarantee a perfect final result, but the results published in the most representative series are directly related to the degree of reduction achieved. Clinical results tend to outperform radiological results, but in general good and excellent results evaluated together do not exceed 50% of the total. The characteristics of the lesion seem to havean equal or higher influence on the result, rather than the treatment applied.Conclusions. Carpal instability, scaphoid nonunion and radiocarpal and intercarpal post-traumatic osteoarthritis are complications affecting over 50% of patients who have sustained these lesions, even if they were treated in specialized units. This means that further research is needed as new typesof treatment that can be administered both by the orthopedic surgeon and the rehabilitation physician
Introduction. Although the incidence of perilunate carpaldislocations and fracture-dislocations is much lower thanthat of distal radial fractures, their severity is much more significant since they are extremely difficult to treat and they could irreparably alter wrist biomechanics. It is essential to perform an early diagnosis of all involved structures (bone, chondral and ligamentous). For this reason, in additionto conventional films, it is very useful to carry out continuous traction radiographs. One should bear in mind that bone injury does not rule out the existence of associated ligament lesions. Scaphoid fractures are sometimes associated to scapholunate ligament tears.Treatment. Treatment should never be started without having classified the injury according to the criteria laid down by Larsen et al, according to which an assessment must be made of: time of progression, persistence, etiology, anatomical location, direction, and instability type or model. Current practice tends to favor surgical treatment by means of a dorsal, palmar or dual approach, as appropriate. Additional indications include suturing and ligament reattachmentsand osteosynthesis preferably with compression screws inthe scaphoid and K-wires in the remaining fractures. K-wires must also be used between the different bones so that anatomical reduction relations are preserved between as ligamentous injuries heal (8 to 12 weeks). Only very few special trans-scaphoid-lunate fracture dislocations are eligible for nonsurgical treatment. Anatomical reduction of these injuriesdoes not guarantee a perfect final result, but the results published in the most representative series are directly related to the degree of reduction achieved. Clinical results tend to outperform radiological results, but in general good and excellent results evaluated together do not exceed 50% of the total. The characteristics of the lesion seem to havean equal or higher influence on the result, rather than the treatment applied.Conclusions. Carpal instability, scaphoid nonunion and radiocarpal and intercarpal post-traumatic osteoarthritis are complications affecting over 50% of patients who have sustained these lesions, even if they were treated in specialized units. This means that further research is needed as new typesof treatment that can be administered both by the orthopedic surgeon and the rehabilitation physician
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Collection:
06-national
/
ES
Database:
IBECS
Main subject:
Wrist Injuries
/
Carpal Bones
/
Joint Dislocations
/
Fractures, Bone
Type of study:
Prognostic_studies
/
Screening_studies
Limits:
Humans
Language:
Es
Journal:
Rev. ortop. traumatol. (Madr., Ed. impr.)
Year:
2007
Document type:
Article