Bone regeneration using particulate grafts: An update

ABSTRACT

Objective: A review is made of the publications on bone regeneration using particulate grafts, with an evaluationof the success of implants placed in such regenerated areas.Material and Method: A Medline search using different key words was made of the articles published between1999-2009 involving at least two patients subjected to grafting with autologous, homologous or xenogenic bone,non-bony substitutes, or a combination of these grafts for the placement of dental implants. Studies involvingblock grafting were excluded. A total of 11 studies were evaluated.Results: These grafts are indicated in cases of small or peri-implant bone defects such as dehiscences and fenestrations,with the possibility of combining a barrier membrane. However, some authors have used particulate blockgrafts to secure vertical or horizontal increments of the alveolar process. In most of these cases, graft healing untilimplant placement lasted 6-9 months. The most frequent complications in the receptor zone were wound dehiscenceswith exposure of the membrane. In almost all cases, prosthetic loading of the implants took place more thanthree months after their placement. The implant survival rate varied from 90.9% to 100%, with an implantationsuccess rate of 85.7% to 100%.Conclusions: Although our sample is small, due to the difficulty of finding homogeneous studies, it can be concludedthat particulate grafts are effective in correcting localized defects of the alveolar process. The complicationsof particulate grafting are few, and the success rate of implants placed in the reconstructed areas varies from85.7% to 100% (AU)