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Nelson's Syndrome
Munir, Alia; Newell-Price, John.
Affiliation
  • Munir, Alia; The University of Sheffield. School of Medicine and Biomedical Science. Academic Unit of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism. Sheffield. GB
  • Newell-Price, John; The University of Sheffield. School of Medicine and Biomedical Science. Academic Unit of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism. Sheffield. GB
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 51(8): 1392-1396, nov. 2007. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-471756
Responsible library: BR1.1
ABSTRACT
Nelson's syndrome is a potentially severe complication of bilateral adrenalectomy performed in the treatment of Cushing's disease, and its management remains difficult. Of all of the features of Nelson's syndrome, the one that causes most concern is the development of a locally aggressive pituitary tumour, which, unusually for pituitary disease, may occasionally cause death from the tumour itself. This feature is especially pertinent given the increasing use in Cushing's disease of laparoscopic bilateral adrenal surgery as a highly effective treatment modality to control cortisol-excess. Despite numerous studies and reports, there is no formal consensus of what defines Nelson's syndrome. Thus, some will define Nelson's syndrome according to the classical description with an evolving pituitary mass after bilateral adrenalectomy, whereas others will rely on increasing plasma ACTH levels, even in the absence of a clear pituitary mass lesion on MRI. These factors need to be borne in mind when considering the reports of Nelson's syndrome, as there is great heterogeneity, and it is likely that overall the modern 'Nelson's syndrome' represents a different disease entity from that of the last century. In the present paper, clinical and epidemiological features of Nelson's syndrome, as well as its treatment modalities, are reviewed.
RESUMO
A síndrome de Nelson (SN) é uma complicação potencialmente grave da adrenalectomia bilateral realizada para o tratamento da doença de Cushing e seu manejo permanece difícil. De todas as manifestações da SN, aquela que causa maior preocupação é o desenvolvimento de um tumor hipofisário localmente agressivo, que pode (pouco usualmente para a doença hipofisária) ocasionalmente causar a morte pelo próprio tumor. Este achado é especialmente pertinente, dado o uso cada vez mais freqüente na doença de Cushing, da adrenalectomia bilateral por via laparoscópica, uma modalidade terapêutica altamente efetiva para o controle do excesso de cortisol. Apesar de numerosos estudos e publicações, não existe um consenso formal sobre a definição da SN. Assim, alguns irão definir a SN de acordo com a descrição clássica, como uma massa hipofisária que evolui após a adrenalectomia bilateral, enquanto outros irão se basear nos níveis crescentes dos níveis de ACTH plasmático, mesmo na ausência de uma lesão ou massa hipofisária nitidamente visível à RM. Esses fatores precisam ser relembrados quando se avaliam as publicações sobre SN, na medida em que existe grande heterogeneidade, e é provável que no geral a "SN moderna" represente uma entidade patológica diferente daquela do século passado. Neste artigo, revisaremos achados clínicos e epidemiológicos da SN e também suas modalidades terapêuticas.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Health context: SDG3 - Target 3.4 Reduce premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases Health problem: Endocrine System Diseases Database: LILACS Main subject: Nelson Syndrome Type of study: Diagnostic study / Etiology study Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab Journal subject: Endocrinology / Metabolism Year: 2007 Document type: Article Affiliation country: United kingdom Institution/Affiliation country: The University of Sheffield/GB
Full text: Available Collection: International databases Health context: SDG3 - Target 3.4 Reduce premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases Health problem: Endocrine System Diseases Database: LILACS Main subject: Nelson Syndrome Type of study: Diagnostic study / Etiology study Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab Journal subject: Endocrinology / Metabolism Year: 2007 Document type: Article Affiliation country: United kingdom Institution/Affiliation country: The University of Sheffield/GB
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