Evaluación de psicopatología en adultos víctimas de prisión política y tortura durante su infancia y adolescencia / Evaluation of psychopathology in adult victims of political imprisonment and torture during their adolescence and childhood

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Evaluar la presencia de indicadores de psicopatología en adultos que fueron prisioneros políticos en infancia y/o adolescencia durante la dictadura militar chilena. Material y método: Estudio de casos y controles en que se compararon indicadores de trastornos mentales en tres grupos A) adultos con antecedente de tortura en infancia y/o adolescencia sin reparación psicosocial, B) adultos con antecedentes de tortura con reparación psicosocial y C) adultos que han vivido su infancia y/o adolescencia durante la dictadura, sin antecedentes de tortura. Se utilizo una muestra no aleatoria de 60 personas. Se midieron indicadores de depresión, ansiedad (estado/rasgo), trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) y trastorno de personalidad con escala especificas. Resultados: Existen diferencias significativas en los indicadores de trastornos mentales estudiados entre aquellos adultos que tienen antecedentes de tortura y los que no. Sin embargo, no existen diferencias significativas entre aquellos que no han recibido reparación psicosocial de los que sí la han recibido. Conclusiones: Existe asociación entre trauma extremo en infancia y/o adolescencia y psicopatología adulta y la posibilidad de cronificarse depende de las variables sociales interactuantes.

ABSTRACT

Objective: Evaluate the presence of psychopathology indicators in adults who were political prisoners during childhood and/or adolescence, during the Chilean military dictatorship. Materials and methods: Case studies and controls, in which indicators of mental disorders were compared in three groups A) adults who suffered torture and have not received psychosocial treatment, B) adults who suffered torture who did receive psychosocial treatment, and C) adults whose adolescence and/or childhood took place during the dictatorship, who did not suffer torture. A nonrandom sample of 60 people was used. Indicators of depression, anxiety (state/trait), post traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) and personality disorder were measured with specific scales. Results: There are significant differences in the indicators of mental disorder studied, between those adults who suffered torture and those that did not. Nevertheless, there are not significant differences between those that received psychosocial treatment and those that did not. Conclusions: There is an association between external trauma in childhood and/or adolescence, and psychopathology in adults, and that the possibility of disorders becoming chronic or not depends on interacting social variables.