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Interventions that facilitate sustainable development by preventing toxic exposure to chemicals: an overview of systematic reviews / Intervenciones que facilitan el desarrollo sostenible al prevenir la exposición tóxica a los productos químicos: síntesis de revisiones sistemáticas
Haby, Michelle M; Soares, Agnes; Chapman, Evelina; Clark, Rachel; Korc, Marcelo; Galvão, Luiz A. C.
Affiliation
  • Haby, Michelle M; Universidad de Sonora. Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences. Hermosillo. MX
  • Soares, Agnes; Universidad de Sonora. Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences. Hermosillo. MX
  • Chapman, Evelina; Universidad de Sonora. Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences. Hermosillo. MX
  • Clark, Rachel; Universidad de Sonora. Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences. Hermosillo. MX
  • Korc, Marcelo; Universidad de Sonora. Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences. Hermosillo. MX
  • Galvão, Luiz A. C; Universidad de Sonora. Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences. Hermosillo. MX
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 39(6): 378-386, Jun. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-795364
Responsible library: BR1.1
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective To identify interventions that 1) facilitate sustainable development by preventing toxic exposure to chemicals, including pesticides, and 2) have a positive impact on health. Methods This overview utilized systematic review methods to synthesize evidence from multiple systematic reviews and economic evaluations. A comprehensive search was conducted based on a predefined protocol, including clear inclusion criteria. To be classified as “sustainable” interventions needed to aim (explicitly or implicitly) to 1) have a positive impact on at least two key dimensions of the United Nations integrated framework for sustainable development and 2) include measures of health impact. Results Thirteen systematic reviews and two economic evaluations met the inclusion criteria. The interventions that were most likely to have a positive impact on health included 1) legislation to ban Endosulfan pesticide to prevent fatal poisonings; 2) testing of drinking water for contamination with arsenic, and dissemination of the results to households; and 3) implementation of organic farming / diet to reduce exposure to pesticides. However, the cost-effectiveness of these three interventions and their impact(s) on health inequalities is not known. Strict enforcement of interventions to reduce lead in houses with children was cost-beneficial. Education and dust control interventions performed by cleaning professionals to reduce blood lead levels in children were ineffective. Conclusions What is needed now is careful implementation of the interventions whose impacts are likely to be positive. Ineffective interventions need to be replaced with more effective and cost-effective interventions. Finally, more and better-quality research on the prevention of toxic exposure to chemicals is needed to better support policy development.
RESUMEN
RESUMEN Objetivo Señalar aquellas intervenciones que 1) faciliten el desarrollo sostenible al prevenir la exposición tóxica a los productos químicos, incluidos los plaguicidas; y 2) tengan una repercusión positiva sobre la salud. Métodos Mediante la metodología de revisión sistemática se sintetizaron los datos probatorios de varias revisiones sistemáticas y evaluaciones económicas. Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva siguiendo un protocolo predefinido con criterios de inclusión concretos. Para considerarse “sostenibles”, las intervenciones debían perseguir los siguientes objetivos (explícitos o implícitos) 1) influir de forma positiva sobre al menos dos dimensiones clave del marco integrado de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo Sostenible; y 2) incluir medidas que repercutan en la salud. Resultados Cumplieron los criterios de inclusión 13 revisiones sistemáticas y dos evaluaciones económicas. Las intervenciones con mayores probabilidades de influir positivamente en la salud son 1) la prohibición por ley de los plaguicidas de endosulfán para prevenir las muertes por intoxicación; 2) los análisis del agua potable para detectar la contaminación por arsénico y la comunicación de los resultados a los hogares; y 3) la implantación de la agricultura o la alimentación orgánicas para reducir la exposición a los plaguicidas. Sin embargo, no se conoce la rentabilidad de estas tres intervenciones ni su repercusión sobre las desigualdades en la salud. La aplicación estricta de las intervenciones para reducir el plomo en los hogares con niños resultó rentable. Por el contrario, fueron ineficaces las intervenciones educativas y de desempolvado, a cargo de profesionales de la limpieza, para reducir los niveles de plomo en la sangre de los niños. Conclusiones Es conveniente aplicar correctamente las intervenciones que tienen mayor probabilidad de generar repercusiones positivas, en tanto que las intervenciones ineficaces deben sustituirse por otras más eficaces y rentables. Se necesitan más investigaciones y de mejor calidad sobre la prevención de la exposición tóxica a los productos químicos, para mejorar las bases sobre las cuales sustentar las correspondientes políticas.
Subject(s)


Full text: Available Collection: International databases Health context: SDG3 - Target 3.9 Reduce the amount of deaths produced by dangerous chemicals and the pollution of the air, water and soil / Sustainable Health Agenda for the Americas / SDG3 - Health and Well-Being / SDG3 - Target 3.2 Reduce avoidable death in newborns and children under 5 Health problem: Occupational Exposures / Goal 1 Equitable access to health services / Goal 11: Inequalities and inequities in health / Target 3.8 Achieve universal access to health / Target 3.2: Reduce avoidable death in newborns and children under 5 / Target 3.9: Reduce the amount of deaths produced by dangerous chemicals and the pollution of the air, water and soil / Environmental Health Database: LILACS Main subject: Pesticide Utilization / Chemical Compound Exposure / Conservation of Natural Resources Type of study: Overview / Prognostic study Aspects: Equity and inequality Language: English Journal: Rev. panam. salud pública Journal subject: Public Health Year: 2016 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Mexico Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad de Sonora/MX

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Health context: SDG3 - Target 3.9 Reduce the amount of deaths produced by dangerous chemicals and the pollution of the air, water and soil / Sustainable Health Agenda for the Americas / SDG3 - Health and Well-Being / SDG3 - Target 3.2 Reduce avoidable death in newborns and children under 5 Health problem: Occupational Exposures / Goal 1 Equitable access to health services / Goal 11: Inequalities and inequities in health / Target 3.8 Achieve universal access to health / Target 3.2: Reduce avoidable death in newborns and children under 5 / Target 3.9: Reduce the amount of deaths produced by dangerous chemicals and the pollution of the air, water and soil / Environmental Health Database: LILACS Main subject: Pesticide Utilization / Chemical Compound Exposure / Conservation of Natural Resources Type of study: Overview / Prognostic study Aspects: Equity and inequality Language: English Journal: Rev. panam. salud pública Journal subject: Public Health Year: 2016 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Mexico Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad de Sonora/MX
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