New methods for the detection of viruses: call for review of drinking water quality guidelines.
Water Sci Technol
; 43(12): 1-8, 2001.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-11464736
ABSTRACT
Drinking water supplies which meet international recommendations for source, treatment and disinfection were analysed. Viruses recovered from 100 L-1,000 L volumes by in-line glass wool filters were inoculated in parallel into four cell culture systems. Cell culture inoculation was used to isolate cytopathogenic viruses, amplify the nucleic acid of non-cytopathogenic viruses and confirm viability of viruses. Over a period of two years, viruses were detected in 23% of 413 drinking water samples and 73% of 224 raw water samples. Cytopathogenic viruses were detected in 6% raw water samples but not in any treated drinking water supplies. Enteroviruses were detected in 17% drinking water samples, adenoviruses in 4% and hepatitis A virus in 3%. In addition to these viruses, astro- and rotaviruses were detected in raw water. All drinking water supplies had heterotrophic plate counts of < 100/mL, total and faecal coliform counts of 0/100 mL and negative results in qualitative presence-absence tests for somatic and F-RNA coliphages (500 mL samples). These results call for a revision of water quality guidelines based on indicator organisms and vague reference to the absence of viruses.
Search on Google
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Viruses
/
Water Supply
/
DNA, Viral
Type of study:
Diagnostic_studies
/
Guideline
/
Qualitative_research
Limits:
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
Water Sci Technol
Journal subject:
SAUDE AMBIENTAL
/
TOXICOLOGIA
Year:
2001
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
South Africa
Publication country:
ENGLAND
/
ESCOCIA
/
GB
/
GREAT BRITAIN
/
INGLATERRA
/
REINO UNIDO
/
SCOTLAND
/
UK
/
UNITED KINGDOM