Improved survival of mesenchymal stromal cell after hypoxia preconditioning: role of oxidative stress.

AIMS: To investigate the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of hypoxia preconditioning (HPC) on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and optimize novel non-invasive methods to assess the effect of biological interventions aimed to increased cell survival. MAIN METHODS: MSCs from rat femur, with or without HPC, were exposed to hypoxic conditions in cell culture (1% O(2) for 24h) and cell survival (by the LDH release assay and Annexin-V staining) was measured. Oxidant status (conversion of dichloro-fluorescein-DCF- and dihydro-ethidium-DHE-, protein expression of oxidant enzymes) was characterized, together with the mobility pattern of cells under stress. Furthermore, cell survival was assessed non-invasively using state-of-the-art molecular imaging. KEY FINDINGS: Compared to controls, Hypoxia resulted in increased expression of the oxidative stress enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase (subunit 67(phox): 0.05 ± 0.01AU and 0.48 ± 0.02AU, respectively, p<0.05) and in the amount of ROS (DCF: 13 ±1 and 42 ± 3 RFU/µg protein, respectively, p<0.05) which led to a decrease in stem cell viability. Hypoxia preconditioning preserved cell biology, as evidenced by preservation of oxidant status (16 ± 1 RFU/µg protein, p<0.05 vs. hypoxia), and cell viability. Most importantly, the beneficial effect of HPC can be assessed non-invasively using molecular imaging. SIGNIFICANCE: HPC preserves cell viability and function, in part through preservation of oxidant status, and its effects can be assessed using state-of-the-art molecular imaging. Understanding of the mechanisms underlying the fate of stem cells will be critical for the advancement of the field of stem cell therapy.