Up-regulation of T lymphocyte and antibody production by inflammatory cytokines released by macrophage exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
Nanotechnology
; 22(26): 265103, 2011 Jul 01.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-21576788
ABSTRACT
Our data demonstrate that multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are internalized by macrophages, subsequently activating them to produce interleukin (IL)-12 (IL-12). This cytokine induced the proliferative response of T lymphocytes to a nonspecific mitogen and to ovalbumin (OVA). This increase in the proliferative response was accompanied by an increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-gamma (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and IL-6, in mice inoculated with MWCNTs, whether or not they had been immunized with OVA. A decrease in the expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFß) was observed in the mice treated with MWCNTs, whereas the suppression of the expression of both TGFß and IL-10 was observed in mice that had been both treated and immunized. The activation of the T lymphocyte response by the pro-inflammatory cytokines leads to an increase in antibody production to OVA, suggesting the important immunostimulatory effect of carbon nanotubes.
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
T-Lymphocytes
/
Up-Regulation
/
Cytokines
/
Inflammation Mediators
/
Nanotubes, Carbon
/
Macrophages
/
Antibody Formation
Limits:
Animals
Language:
En
Journal:
Nanotechnology
Year:
2011
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Brazil