[Demyelinating disease affecting both central and peripheral nervous system]. / Maladie démyélinisante du système nerveux central et périphérique.

INTRODUCTION: Demyelinating disease affecting both the central and the peripheral nervous systems has rarely been reported. CASE REPORT: A 30-year-old man, presented with ataxia and diffuse areflexia due to polyneuropathy fullfilling demyelination criteria. His medical history was notable for central nervous system demyelination compatible with multiple sclerosis. He improved transiently with intravenous immunoglobulin and then stabilized with methotrexate. CONCLUSION: This case report distinguishes a new kind of inflammatory disease affecting both central and peripheral nervous system. It seems to be different from multiple sclerosis and chronic immune demyelinating polyneuropathy, because of high hyperproteinorachia and absence of oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid.