Effect of occlusal functional forces on incisor socket morphology and location in the rat mandible.

ABSTRACT

The effect of functional occlusal stress on dimensional alterations of the rat incisor socket and mandible were studied from roentgenograms. In 12 rats, the lower left incisor was shortened twice weekly, whereas the lower right incisor was allowed to remain in contact with both upper incisors. Thus, the right incisors were subjected to hyperfunction, and the left ones, to hypofunction. The lower incisors of 16 rats with normal occlusal contact served as control. Following an experimental period of 3 months, the animals were killed and standardized radiographs were taken of the cleaned mandibles. Socket and mandibular dimensions were measured on magnified tracings of the roentgenograms. Socket area, its posterior length, posterior mandibular length, and gonial angle changed in the same direction under both hyper- and hypofunction. The anterior socket was relocated in opposite directions under hyperfunction, it assumed a more inferior position, whereas in hypofunction, it moved superiorly. The angulation of the socket became significantly more acute under hyperfunction, whereas in hypofunction, this parameter remained unchanged. It is concluded that altered functional demands affect the morphology of the incisor socket and its location within the mandibular borders.