Prebiotics as immunostimulants in aquaculture: a review.
Fish Shellfish Immunol
; 40(1): 40-8, 2014 Sep.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-24973515
ABSTRACT
Prebiotics are indigestible fibers that increase beneficial gut commensal bacteria resulting in improvements of the host's health. The beneficial effects of prebiotics are due to the byproducts generated from their fermentation by gut commensal bacteria. In this review, the direct effects of prebiotics on the innate immune system of fish are discussed. Prebiotics, such as fructooligosaccharide, mannanoligosaccharide, inulin, or ß-glucan, are called immunosaccharides. They directly enhance innate immune responses including phagocytic activation, neutrophil activation, activation of the alternative complement system, increased lysozyme activity, and more. Immunosaccharides directly activate the innate immune system by interacting with pattern recognition receptors (PRR) expressed on innate immune cells. They can also associate with microbe associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) to activate innate immune cells. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in innate immune cell activation need to be further explored. Many studies have indicated that immunosaccharides are beneficial to both finfish and shellfish.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Adjuvants, Immunologic
/
Aquaculture
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Astacoidea
/
Stichopus
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Prebiotics
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Fishes
/
Immunity, Innate
Limits:
Animals
Language:
En
Journal:
Fish Shellfish Immunol
Journal subject:
BIOLOGIA
/
MEDICINA VETERINARIA
Year:
2014
Document type:
Article
Publication country:
ENGLAND
/
ESCOCIA
/
GB
/
GREAT BRITAIN
/
INGLATERRA
/
REINO UNIDO
/
SCOTLAND
/
UK
/
UNITED KINGDOM