Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic; Aortic Dissection; Aortic Rupture; Aortic Valve; Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures/methods; Organ Sparing Treatments/methods; Aortic Dissection/complications; Aortic Dissection/diagnosis; Aortic Dissection/physiopathology; Aortic Dissection/surgery; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/complications; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/diagnosis; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/physiopathology; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/surgery; Aortic Rupture/complications; Aortic Rupture/diagnosis; Aortic Rupture/physiopathology; Aortic Rupture/surgery; Aortic Valve/physiopathology; Aortic Valve/surgery; Aortic Valve Insufficiency/diagnosis; Aortic Valve Insufficiency/etiology; Aortic Valve Insufficiency/physiopathology; Aortic Valve Insufficiency/surgery; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Period; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome