High hepatitis E virus seroprevalence with absence of chronic infection in HIV-infected patients.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The seroprevalence of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) and its chronicity rate in the HIV-infected population has not been well established. As a result, the magnitude of this emerging disease in this population cannot be established. METHODS: Prospective study that included HIV-infected patients followed up between September 2012 and May 2013. All included patients were tested for anti-HEV IgG/IgM. In patients with confirmed anti-HEV IgG/IgM positivity, RT-PCR was performed. In patients where HEV RNA was amplified, a second RT-PCR assay was performed 6 months later to identify transient or chronic HEV infections. RESULTS: Eight hundred and ninety-four HIV-infected patients were enrolled in the study. Of these patients, 399 (44.6%) were monoinfected with HIV; 462 (51.6%) were co-infected with HIV/HCV; 12 (1.3%) were co-infected with HIV/HBV; and 21 (2.3%) were co-infected with HIV/HCV/HBV. In 88 patients, anti-HEV IgG/IgM was detected (seroprevalence: 9.8% [95% CI: 8.02%-11.9%]). In five patients (0.5%; 95% CI: 0.2%-1.2%), HEV RNA was detected; 5.7% (95% CI: 2.1%-12.1%) of the patients were anti-HEV IgG/IgM positive. None of these patients showed detectable HEV RNA six months later. CONCLUSION: HEV infection is frequent in HIV-infected patients but developing a chronic HEV infection may be considered an uncommon liver disease in this population.